“…While our results are well placed within a long line of studies showing that men outperform women in navigating real-world (e.g., Coluccia & Louse, 2004;Dabbs, Chang, Strong, & Milun, 1998;Galea & Kimura, 1993;Lawton, 1994;MacFadden et al, 2003;Malinowski & Gillespie, 2001;Saucier et al, 2002;Ward et al, 1986) and virtual environments (e.g., Astur et al, 1998;Choi & Silverman, 1996;Coluccia & Louse, 2004;Dabbs et al, 1998;Driscoll et al, 2005;Levy et al 2005;Moffat et al 1998;Nowak & Moffat, 2011;Nowak et al, 2014;Sandstrom et al, 1998;cf. Livingston-Lee, Zeman, Gillingham, & Skelton, 2014), there is still much to be learned about the factors underlying sex differences in spatial performance.…”