2010
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9668-2
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The Relationship Between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio, Spatial Cognition, and Virtual Navigation

Abstract: Studies in human and non-human animals have found that early life exposure to androgens may affect later spatial performance. Recent studies have suggested that the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) may serve as an index of prenatal androgen exposure. Some studies have found that the 2D:4D ratio predicts adult spatial performance, although the nature of the relationship is equivocal. This study was designed to quantify the relationships between 2D:4D ratio, spatial cognition, and spatial navigation u… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…After two years, older adults showed greater declines in navigation ability—greater prolongation in distance-to-goal measures and lesser reduction in meandering on the last three trials. The observed sex differences were also in line with other reports (Sandstrom et al, 1998; Moffat et al, 2001; Driscoll et al, 2003; Nowak and Moffat 2011)—men traveled shorter and less complex paths at baseline, but did not differ from women in longitudinal change.…”
Section: 0 Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…After two years, older adults showed greater declines in navigation ability—greater prolongation in distance-to-goal measures and lesser reduction in meandering on the last three trials. The observed sex differences were also in line with other reports (Sandstrom et al, 1998; Moffat et al, 2001; Driscoll et al, 2003; Nowak and Moffat 2011)—men traveled shorter and less complex paths at baseline, but did not differ from women in longitudinal change.…”
Section: 0 Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…While our results are well placed within a long line of studies showing that men outperform women in navigating real-world (e.g., Coluccia & Louse, 2004;Dabbs, Chang, Strong, & Milun, 1998;Galea & Kimura, 1993;Lawton, 1994;MacFadden et al, 2003;Malinowski & Gillespie, 2001;Saucier et al, 2002;Ward et al, 1986) and virtual environments (e.g., Astur et al, 1998;Choi & Silverman, 1996;Coluccia & Louse, 2004;Dabbs et al, 1998;Driscoll et al, 2005;Levy et al 2005;Moffat et al 1998;Nowak & Moffat, 2011;Nowak et al, 2014;Sandstrom et al, 1998;cf. Livingston-Lee, Zeman, Gillingham, & Skelton, 2014), there is still much to be learned about the factors underlying sex differences in spatial performance.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 80%
“…Time and distance to locate the hidden platform across learning trials, time and distance spent in the platform quadrant during the probe trial, and platform area crossings during the probe trial have all been used to describe performance. A sex difference favoring men is often present in hidden platform and probe trials (Astur, Ortiz, & Sutherland, 1998;Burkitt, Widman, & Saucier, 2007;Driscoll, Hamilton, Yeo, Brooks, & Sutherland, 2005;Mueller, Jackson, & Skelton, 2008;Nowak & Moffat, 2011;Nowak, Diamond, Land, & Moffat, 2014;Sandstrom, Kaufman, & Huettel, 1998). Men typically locate the hidden platform across trials using less distance and time than women, spend more time and travel a greater distance within the goal quadrant during the probe trial than women, and cross the platform area during the probe trial more frequently than women.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While men activated more the parietal section, women used more the frontal-parietal section. This also supports the hypothesis that men depend more on the gestalt strategy, while women use more the analytical strategy (Nowak et al, 2011). 2 Current data from the Czech Republic confirm the decrease of the gender gap in math-test performance.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 59%