The Relationship between Severity of Periodontitis and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Status in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarctions: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Although the associations between periodontitis (PD) and acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) are known, it is unclear whether the severity of PD is correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular status (ASCVS) in patients with AMIs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We investigated 50 patients with AMI admitted to Nihon University Itabashi Hospital from July 2019 to May 2022. All patients were classified according to the presence and severity of PD. The periodontal status was defined by radiographic bone loss in accordance with previous studies (healthy; ≥ 80% remaining bone [RB], mild-moderate PD; 66 ≤ RB < 80%, and severe PD; RB < 66%), and the degree of ASCVS was compared. Results: The frequency of tooth loss ≥ 5 was significantly higher, and the mean probing pocket depth was numerically higher from healthy to mild-moderate PD to severe PD. The low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio significantly increased from healthy to mild-moderate PD to severe PD. The carotid intima-media thickness was numerically higher in the severe PD group. The early diastolic velocity to early diastolic myocardial velocity (E/e') ratio was significantly higher in severe PD and had a weak negative correlation with the severity of PD (r = −0.411, p = 0.003). Conclusions: We found that the severity of PD was correlated with the E/e' ratio in AMI patients.