The relationship between smartphone use and dry eye disease

Abstract

Background: Emerging research findings suggest a potential relationship between smartphone use (SPU) and dry eye disease (DED), which has not been systematically reviewed.Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize evidence on the relationship between SPU and DED.Methods: A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO bibliographic databases from their inception to January 15, 2021. Study screening, full-text assessment, study selection and exclusion, data extraction, and quality assessment was performed independently by at least two review authors.Results: Four studies were included in the review (3 cross-sectional studies and 1 nonrandomized clinical trial). A narrative synthesis of findings was used due to heterogeneity among study designs and measures of association summarizing the relationship between SPU and DED. All included studies were conducted in South Korea and included school children, college students, or young adults. Three of the 4 included studies showed an association between SPU and DED.Conclusions: There is some evidence that SPU is associated with DED. However, this evidence is limited by a small number of studies of satisfactory methodological quality. There is a great need for high-quality studies to further investigate the relationship between SPU and DED and identify mechanisms underlying this potential relationship. This information is important for raising public awareness about the negative effect of SPU on eye health and development of clinical guidelines for this potentially emerging SPUdriven eye condition.Abbreviations: DED = dry eye disease, MeSH = medical subject headings, OSDI = ocular surface disease index, PRISMA = preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analysis, SPU = smartphone use, VDU = visual display units.

Assessment of dry eye in pediatric population along with ocular surface disorder and visual display terminal

“…19,20 Similar to current study findings reports published by Choi et al and Al-Marri et al revealed that usage of smartphones for a prolonged period of time may also increase the incidence of dry eyes. 21,22 Thus results of current study reveals that Overuse of smart phones, tablets or computers increases the prevalence of dry eye which inturn affect their outdoor activity, studies and over all development of children.…”

Efeitos do uso prolongado de dispositivos eletrônicos na saúde ocular de crianças e adolescentes: Uma revisão narrativa

“…Isso sugere que o tempo prolongado gasto em telas digitais pode levar a uma diminuição da taxa de piscar, resultando em uma menor produção de lágrimas e, consequentemente, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da doença do olho seco. (Al-Marri et. al., 2021).…”

“…O uso frequente de smartphones pode levar a uma exposição prolongada à luz azul emitida pelas telas dos dispositivos eletrônicos, que pode causar fadiga ocular, irritação e inflamação, todos os quais são fatores que contribuem para a progressão da doença do olho seco. (Al-Marri et. al., 2021).…”

“…Esses achados destacam a importância de conscientizar pais, cuidadores e profissionais de saúde sobre os potenciais danos à saúde ocular associados ao uso excessivo de dispositivos eletrônicos por crianças e adolescentes. Medidas preventivas, como limitar o tempo de tela, fazer pausas regulares durante o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e garantir uma postura adequada durante o uso desses dispositivos, são recomendadas para ajudar a proteger a saúde ocular dessa faixa etária vulnerável (Al-Marri et. al., 2021).…”

Contribution of Different Food Types to Vitamin A Intake in the Chinese Diet

“…Vitamin A plays a vital role in ocular function and is involved in preventing xerophthalmia, the maintenance of eye integrity, and cellular division and differentiation [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Recently, the global prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) has been estimated to be between 5% and 50% [ 6 ]. It was concluded from previous investigations that excessive smartphone use in children and adolescents is associated with DED [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”