The Relationship between Social Environmental Factors and Motor Performance in 3- to 12-Year-Old Typically Developing Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Motor performance during childhood is important for prosperity in life, and the social environment may contain potentially important and modifiable factors associated with motor performance. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify social environmental factors associated with motor performance in 3- to 12-year-old typically developing children. Four electronic databases were searched, which resulted in 31 included studies. The methodological quality was determined using the Quality of Prognosis Studies in Systematic Reviews tool. Most studies were conducted in 3–6-year-old children. In the home environment, parental beliefs in the importance of physical activity and parental behaviors matching these beliefs were related to better motor performance of children, although these relationships were often sex-dependent. The school and sports environments were investigated much less, but some preliminary evidence was found that being better liked by peers, attending a classroom with a smaller age range, having more interaction with the teacher and classmates, and having a higher educated teacher was related to better motor performance. Further research is required to further unravel the relationship between the social environment and motor skills, with a specific focus on 6–12-year-old children and environments outside of the home environment.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Motor Development of Schoolchildren in Rural and Urban Environments

“…There are some hereditary and maternal factors associated with early motor development of children [ 9 ]. Later in development, parental beliefs and behaviours but also some school and sports environment features such as peer relations, classroom age range, in-class interaction, and teacher education relate to better motor performance as well [ 10 ]. Although it is known that physical inactivity associates with obesity and poorer motor abilities [ 11 ], there is lack of information on the impact of population-level physical activity on motor development in children.…”

Applying an ecosystem approach to explore modifiable factors related to the risk for low motor competence in young children

“…The relationship between higher PATRns and decreased odds of low MC might be explained by the habitual character of PA behaviour that is reflected in PATRns. If parental routines in using active transportation are stronger, children implicitly observe active behaviour by role models, which is in line with positive association between parental, mostly maternal, PA and children's MC 13,15 .…”

“…Likewise, parental modelling behaviour and parenting practices may be important factors for young children, as parents are considered 'gatekeepers' to either facilitate or restrict their child from viable motor learning experiences 10 and PA or SB 14 . Most research conducted on the associations between parents and young children's MC focus on parental beliefs, cognitive factors concerning the importance of PA, and parental PA behaviour 15 . Physical activity…”

Motorik Kasar, Motorik Halus, dan IMT pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun

“…Lingkungan rumah memiliki pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap motorik anak, hal ini dikarenakan pengetahuan dan tingkat kepercayaan orang tua tentang aktivitas fisik akan melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan tersebut. Lingkungan sekolah berkaitan dengan teman sebaya dan guru, namun keterlibatan lingkungan sekolah hanya memiliki pengaruh yang sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan pengaruh dari lingkungan rumah (Derikx et al, 2021). Temuan lain juga menyebutkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu terhadap motorik kasar dan motorik halus anak usia 4-5 tahun (Puspita & Umar, 2020).…”