The relationship between social network characteristics and exchanging sex for drugs or money among drug users in Baltimore, MD, USA

Latkin, Carl A.; Hua, Wei; Forman, Valerie L.

doi:10.1258/09564620360719831

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the importance of this finding is magnified by the extremely high risk for HIV infection and transmission among male sex workers (Estcourt et al 2000;Newman et al 2004). Previous studies have linked sex trading behaviors to crack cocaine use (Joe and Simpson 1995;Latkin et al 2003), which is consistent with current analysis of this study's data showing that those who used crack were more likely to be involved in sex trading (Orellana et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Increased HIV Risk Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Men on Methadone

et al. 2007

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This paper examines the relationship between HIV risk and criminal justice involvement among a random sample of 356 men enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment programs in New York City. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations between measures of criminal justice involvement and participant HIV risk, controlling for sociodemographic variables. A lifetime history of incarceration was significantly associated with being HIV positive (Adjusted OR = 5.08). Recent arrest was associated with unprotected vaginal sex and having multiple female sexual partners. Sex trading was associated with both arrest and incarceration, and the strongest association was found between selling sex and recent incarceration (Adjusted OR = 5.69). Results suggest that recent criminal justice involvement among men with substance abuse histories is associated with increased HIV risk behaviors. Findings underscore the need for targeted HIV prevention efforts for men on methadone with a recent history of arrest or incarceration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Increased HIV Risk Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Men on Methadone

et al. 2007

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“…Juarez. Although reports vary widely, international literature suggests that 21-80% of female IDUs report ever trading sex for money or drugs (Spittal et al, 2003, Lowndes et al, 2003, Latkin et al, 2003, Kozlov et al, 2006, Benotsch et al, 2004 and 9%-82% of FSWs have ever injected drugs (McMahon et al, 2006, Ward et al, 1993, Vandenhoek et al, 1989, Deren et al, 1997A. Valdez, personal communication, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Juarez found that female IDUs often used drugs within the context of a sexual relationship with a drug using male partner . International literature suggests that female IDUs tend to have greater overlap in their sexual and drug use networks relative to males (Latkin et al, 2003, Sherman and Latkin, 2001, which can contribute to being "second on the needle" , Harvey et al, 1998. In a study of Hispana female IDUs on the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border, Andrade and Estrada highlight the importance of sociocultural and gender norms to be taken into account when considering their vulnerabilities (Andrade and Estrada, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of injection drug use among female sex workers in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

Strathdee

Philbin

Semple

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

193

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Objective: To characterize the overlap between injection drug use and sex work by women in Tijuana and Cd. Juarez, situated on the Mexico-U.S. border. Methods:FSWs aged ≥18 years who were not knowingly HIV-positive and reported having unprotected sex with ≥1 client in the prior two months underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Logistic regression identified factors associated with injecting drugs within the last month.Results: Of 924 FSWs, 18.0% had ever injected drugs. Among FSW-IDUs (N=114), prevalence of HIV, syphilis titers >1:8, gonorrhea and Chlamydia was significantly higher at 12.3%, 22.7%, 15.2% and 21.2% compared to 4.8%, 13.1%, 5.2% and 11.9% among other FSWs (N=810). FSWIDUs also had more clients in the past six months (median: 300 vs. 240, p=0.02). Factors independently associated with injecting drugs in the past month included living in Tijuana, being younger, being married/common-law, longer duration in the sex trade, speaking English, earning Corresponding Author and Reprint Requests: Thomas L. Patterson, PhD Department of Psychiatry (0680) University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0680 Phone: 858-534-3354; Fax: 858-534-7723 E-mail: tpatterson@ucsd.edu. Contributors Drs. Patterson and Semple designed the behavioral intervention study (NIMH R01 MH065849), supervised data collection, and contributed to manuscript writing. Dr. Strathdee planned the analysis, assisted with interpreting results, and wrote the majority of the manuscript. Ms. Philbin and Ms. Pu conducted the analyses and assisted with interpreting results and writing the manuscript. Drs. de la Torre, Amaro, Magis, Salazar assisted with study design and interpreting results and revising the manuscript. Drs. Lozada, Staines, Martinez and Fraga supervised data collection and assisted with the manuscript. Ms. Orozovich supervised data collection and provided oversight of the intervention study. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. Conflict of InterestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conclusions: FSW-IDUs had higher STI levels, engaged in riskier behaviors and were more vulnerable to having unsafe sex with clients compared to other FSWs, indicating that this subgroup is an important bridge population requiring focused prevention. NIH Public Access

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“…In the United States, peer-based interventions have gained momentum as a complementary strategy for influencing behavior change (Friedman et al, 2004;Knowlton et al, 2001;Latkin et al, 1996, Latkin et al, 2003a. Delivered by the peers of drug users, these interventions have aimed at harnessing the positive influence of peer norms to risk reduction.…”

Section: Levels Of Risk Reduction Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resourceconstrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors.RESUMEN-Il est important de prévenir la transmission hétérosexuelle du VIH à partir des usagers de drogue pour contrôler l'épidémie hétérosexuelle locale et mondiale de VIH. Des interventions ciblant à la fois la réduction de risque sexuel et la santé des usagers de drogue sont nécessaires. Les interventions de réduction de risque sexuel prennent en compte le niveau individuel, le niveau des pairs et celui des déterminants structurels de la réduction des risques. Les interventions visant l'amélioration de la santé comprennent le conseil et le dépistage du VIH, la prévention et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et la prescription d'antirétroviraux. Il est important d'adapter les interventions efficaces mises en place dans les pays riches aux réalités des contextes de pays à ressources limitées et de tenir compte des facteurs contextuels pertinents. Keywords global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk HIV Infection and Injection Drug UsersInjection drug use continues to complicate the control of the global HIV epidemic (UNAIDS, 2004). In 2003, 136 countries reported injecting drug use and 93 countries reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) (World Health Organization, 2003). IDUs are at risk for infection with HIV through both multiperson use ("sharing") of drug injection equipment and through unsafe sex behaviors (Aceijas et al., 2004). Although the scope and effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV infection through drug injection equipment has been well documented in the literature (Des Jarlais et al., 2005;Quan et This review describes sex risk reduction interventions with drug users and their effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors of IDUs and other drug users. We highlight the needs and opportunities for these interventions, discuss the generalizability of the results to resourceconstrained settings, and outline the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. Although our literature review is not comprehensive, it highlights many areas that affect sexual transmission of HIV to and from drug users in both resource-rich and resourceconstrained settings. Efforts to reduce substance abuse and HIV risk associated with injection behav...

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The relationship between social network characteristics and exchanging sex for drugs or money among drug users in Baltimore, MD, USA

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Increased HIV Risk Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Men on Methadone

Increased HIV Risk Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Men on Methadone

Correlates of injection drug use among female sex workers in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

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