“…Teacher behavior includes teachers’ communication style, classroom management, expressing interest in student ideas, and offering help to students, while student behavior includes continuous involvement in activities, cooperation, and competition ( Garrett, 2008 ; Schiller, 2009 ; Brandmiller et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). Also, research suggests that a positive climate in the class can promote student learning motivation ( Peng, 2012 ; Joe et al, 2017 ), self-efficacy ( Lim and Fraser, 2018 ), achievement ( Gedamu and Siyawik, 2015 ), attitude ( Khajavy et al, 2016 ), and willingness to communicate ( Khajavy et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Motivated by the emerging field of positive psychology, FLE is defined as the perception of pleasure provided by the L2 learning classroom ( Lee, 2020 ).…”