The Relationship between Survival Sex and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in a High Risk Female Population

Ivanich, Jerreed; Welch-Lazoritz, Melissa; Dombrowski, Kirk

doi:10.3390/ijerph14091031

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Engaging in survival sex is over-represented within homeless populations ( 52 ), and data show robust associations with symptoms of borderline PD, childhood abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder among homeless women ( 52 , 53 ), suggesting that older individuals with high levels of impulsivity symptoms may be especially at risk ( 52 ). Similar approaches among homeless men have shown that risky sexual behavior is accompanied by common symptoms of PD’s and predicts treatment outcomes and suboptimal achievements in health-promoting or prosocial behaviors ( 54 – 56 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless people: a review of personality disorders

Henriques-Calado,

Gama Marques

2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Personality disorders in homeless people pose a challenge to the medical community and society, requiring specialized approaches for these super-difficult patients. The prevalence of personality disorders is higher in homeless populations than in the general population. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding personality disorders among people experiencing homelessness, and the implications of this lack of recognition are substantial. This paper provides a brief narrative review of personality disorders among homeless individuals. The primary importance and specificity of these disorders in this population remain unexplored. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases in February and November 2023 using the keywords ‘homeless’ and ‘personality disorder’, and selected fifty-eight studies to be included in this literature review. The main themes of the results were personality disorders in homeless individuals and comorbid psychiatric disorders; risk factors and other psychological and behavioral data; clinical and intervention outcomes; and challenges linked to assessment, treatment, and intervention. The homeless population experiences significant diagnostic variability and the diagnosis of personality disorders is still evolving, contributing to difficulties in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. A future challenge is to raise clinical awareness and optimize research knowledge, assessment, and intervention in personality disorders among homeless individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless people: a review of personality disorders

Henriques-Calado,

Gama Marques

2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Homeless or runaway women, sexual minorities, and minors are more likely to report engaging in survival sex. In a sample of homeless women, the lifetime prevalence of survival sex was 23.8% (Ivanich et al, 2017). Similarly, Oppong and colleagues found 51% of homeless youth reported survival sex (2016).…”

Section: Survival Sex and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival sex among a diverse sample of women with histories of intimate partner violence: Results from a domestic violence shelter.

Silver¹,

Norton²,

King³

et al. 2024

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: The current study sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of survival sex among a diverse sample of women residing in a domestic violence (DV) shelter. Method: Two hundred seven women (44% Black, 37.7% White, 10.6% Multiracial, 4.3% Latina, 1% Arab, 1% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1.4% Indigenous or Aboriginal) residing in a Summit County, Ohio, DV shelter completed a survey assessing their involvement in survival sex, the associated contextual factors (e.g., age at first incidence of survival sex, the reason for engaging in survival sex), and self-report measures assessing substance use, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and empowerment. Results: More than two-thirds of participants reported engaging in survival sex, and participants who did were more likely to have elevated rates of substance use, PTSD symptoms, ACEs, and IPV victimization, along with lower empowerment. Most commonly, women reported engaging in survival sex for fear that the other person would take away valuable support or things they needed. Participants also reported engaging in survival sex for securing shelter, for money, for food, and to obtain drugs or alcohol. Notably, a sizable minority of women first engaged in survival sex as minors, suggesting overlap with the phenomenon of domestic minor sex trafficking. Conclusions: Engaging in survival sex may be commonly experienced by women residing in DV shelters and is associated with trauma history and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Despite the small, non-representative sample, results indicate education for providers is necessary to interact effectively with this population. Clinical Impact StatementWomen residing in DV shelters may be more likely to engage in survival sex to meet their needs or avoid resource loss. Those with trauma histories and PTS symptoms may be more likely to engage in survival sex behavior. Women who engage in survival sex likely have a wide range of interpretations of their experiences, which requires openness from service provides. Utilizing a trauma-focus lens, providers should aim to avoid victim-blaming and engender a sense of empowerment in women who engage in survival sex behavior to help them identify safe methods of obtaining their needed resources.

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“…In the former, otherwise treatable maladies can remain unaddressed, multiplying eventual treatment costs when cases are discovered at more advanced stages. Such is the situation, for example, with mental illness among homeless and street dwelling populations [ 4 – 6 ]. An embedded “hidden” population can also frustrate intervention efforts that might otherwise be effective in the ambient population, preventing control of infection prevalence [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the former, treatable maladies can remain out of reach, multiplying eventual treatment costs when cases are discovered only in their most severe form. Such is the situation, for example, with mental illness among homeless and street dwelling populations [BFB09,Bur95,IWLD17]. In other situations, the "hidden" nature of the population may frustrate intervention efforts that are effective in the ambient population, preventing control of infections despite well-known contagion dynamics [PWR + 93].…”

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confidence: 99%

One-step estimation of networked population size: Respondent-driven capture-recapture with anonymity

Khan¹,

Lee²,

Fellows³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Size estimation is particularly important for populations whose members experience disproportionate health issues or pose elevated health risks to the ambient social structures in which they are embedded. Efforts to derive size estimates are often frustrated when the population is hidden or hard-to-reach in ways that preclude conventional survey strategies, as is the case when social stigma is associated with group membership or when group members are involved in illegal activities. This paper extends prior research on the problem of network population size estimation, building on established survey/sampling methodologies commonly used with hard-to-reach groups. Three novel one-step, network-based population size estimators are presented, for use in the context of uniform random sampling, respondent-driven sampling, and when networks exhibit significant clustering effects. We give provably sufficient conditions for the consistency of these estimators in large configuration networks. Simulation experiments across a wide range of synthetic network topologies validate the performance of the estimators, which also perform well on a real-world location-based social networking data set with significant clustering. Finally, the proposed schemes are extended to allow them to be used in settings where participant anonymity is required. Systematic experiments show favorable tradeoffs between anonymity guarantees and estimator performance. Taken together, we demonstrate that reasonable population size estimates are derived from anonymous respondent driven samples of 250-750 individuals, within ambient populations of 5,000-40,000. The method thus represents a novel and cost-effective means for health planners and those agencies concerned with health and disease surveillance to estimate the size of hidden populations. We discuss limitations and future work in the concluding section.

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The Relationship between Survival Sex and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in a High Risk Female Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Homeless people: a review of personality disorders

Homeless people: a review of personality disorders

Survival sex among a diverse sample of women with histories of intimate partner violence: Results from a domestic violence shelter.

One-step estimation of networked population size: Respondent-driven capture-recapture with anonymity

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