The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter

Ormeño, Elena; Céspedes, Blanca; Sánchez, Iván A.; Velasco-García, Angel; Moreno, José M.; Fernandez, Catherine; Baldy, Virginie

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.019

Cited by 181 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Semi-volatile, unsaturated organic species are common on various surfaces including soil with plant litter (Weiss, 2000;Isidorov et al, 2003;Ormeño et al, 2009), aerosols (Rogge et al, 1993;D'Anna et al, 2009;Baduel et al, 2011), man-made structures (Wisthaler et al, 2005;Weschler et al, 2007;Shi and Zhao, 2015), and even human skin (Wisthaler and Weschler, 2010). These are potential ozone sinks and sources of oxygenated VOC in ozone-rich environments, as has been shown previously (see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Most recently, Palm et al (2015) have shown that semiand intermediate volatility organic compounds measured for the first time at the same site with a novel thermal desorption electron impact mass spectrometer (TD-EIMS) could likely close the gap between observed and expected secondary aerosol growth, estimated from gas-phase concentrations of the most abundant measured VOC (mono-and sesquiterpenes, toluene/p-cymene, isoprene). We therefore speculate that the high ozone deposition fluxes in such forest sites could be a result of not only gas-phase reactions, but to a certain extent also of ozone reactions with semi-volatiles emitted or redeposited onto the vegetation surfaces.…”

Section: Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant surface reactions: an opportunistic ozone defence mechanism impacting atmospheric chemistry

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations are considered a toxic threat to plants, responsible for global crop losses with associated economic costs of several billion dollars per year. Plant injuries have been linked to the uptake of ozone through stomatal pores and oxidative damage of the internal leaf tissue. But a striking question remains: can surface reactions limit the stomatal uptake of ozone and therefore reduce its detrimental effects to plants?In this laboratory study we could show that semi-volatile organic compounds exuded by the glandular trichomes of different Nicotiana tabacum varieties are an efficient ozone sink at the plant surface. In our experiments, different diterpenoid compounds were responsible for a strongly varietydependent ozone uptake of plants under dark conditions, when stomatal pores are almost closed. Surface reactions of ozone were accompanied by a prompt release of oxygenated volatile organic compounds, which could be linked to the corresponding precursor compounds: ozonolysis of cis-abienol (C 20 H 34 O) -a diterpenoid with two exocyclic double bonds -caused emissions of formaldehyde (HCHO) and methyl vinyl ketone (C 4 H 6 O). The ring-structured cembratrien-diols (C 20 H 34 O 2 ) with three endocyclic double bonds need at least two ozonolysis steps to form volatile carbonyls such as 4-oxopentanal (C 5 H 8 O 2 ), which we could observe in the gas phase, too.Fluid dynamic calculations were used to model ozone distribution in the diffusion-limited leaf boundary layer under daylight conditions. In the case of an ozone-reactive leaf surface, ozone gradients in the vicinity of stomatal pores are changed in such a way that the ozone flux through the open stomata is strongly reduced.Our results show that unsaturated semi-volatile compounds at the plant surface should be considered as a source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds, impacting gas phase chemistry, as well as efficient ozone sink improving the ozone tolerance of plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant surface reactions: an opportunistic ozone defence mechanism impacting atmospheric chemistry

et al. 2016

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“…6) showed that bulk density was an important factor as was flaming duration, and both depended on the compaction of the litter (Scarff and Westoby 2006;Ormeño et al 2009). The high proportion of coarse particles appeared to increase the time-to-ignition of litters, fine particles igniting more readily than coarse ones (Scarff and Westoby 2006), whereas the high proportion of scale-like leaves increased flaming duration and bulk density in the same way as pine needles increased flaming duration (Ganteaume et al 2011a).…”

Section: Classification Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods to assess and compare the flammability of litter and wildland fuels vary (Petriccione et al 2006;Pellizzaro et al 2007;Ormeño et al 2009;Scarff and Westoby 2006); some use different burning devices such as fire benches (for dead fuels) and different types of ignition sources, usually calibrated samples of dead leaves of a given species (disturbed litter samples). The flammability of non-reconstructed litter samples, which are hypothesised to represent field conditions (as opposed to reconstructed litters that are typically studied (Jappiot et al 2007)), has been studied in south-eastern Author produced version of the article published in International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2012, 22(3) [333][334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342] Original publication available at www.publish.csiro.au/nid/114.htm doi:10.171/WF12006…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France)

Ganteaume¹,

Jappiot²,

Lampin³

2013

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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The objectives of this paper are to assess in laboratory conditions the flammability of undisturbed litter sampled beneath plants of seven species that are among those most frequently planted in hedges in Provence (south-eastern France). The variability in litter flammability recorded during burning experiments was partly explained by the proportions of the different litter components of each species. Phyllostachys sp. and Nerium oleander litters were the quickest to ignite whereas Prunus laurocerasus litter had the lowest bulk density and long time-to-ignition, but high flame-propagation. Photinia fraseri litter ignited frequently and had a high flame spread whereas Pittosporum tobira litter ignited the least frequently and for the shortest duration. Cupressus sempervirens litter had the highest bulk density and the longest flaming duration but the lowest flame propagation. Pyracantha coccinea litter was the slowest to ignite and flame propagation was low but lasted a long time. Co-inertia analysis identified species with the same flammability characteristics according to the composition of their litter. Hierarchical cluster analysis ranked the seven species in four distinct clusters from the most flammable (Photinia fraseri and Prunus laurocerasus) to the least flammable (Pittosporum tobira), the other species displaying two groups of intermediate flammability. These latter species should not be used in hedges planted in wildland–urban interfaces in south-eastern France.

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“…A classification of ignition times as a function of species and parameters such as moisture content can lead to the development of improved fire risk assessment tools [24]. The theory developed in this paper has been developed mainly for solid fuels and its extension to forest fires is very interesting.…”

Section: An Application To Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and Mass Transfer in Fires: Scaling Laws, Ignition of Solid Fuels and Application to Forest Fires

Torero¹,

Simeoni²

2010

TOTHERJ

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Abstract:Fire is a phenomenon that covers a multiplicity of scales depending on the different processes involved. Length scales range from the nanometres when addressing material flammability to the kilometres when dealing with forest fires, while time scales cover a broad spectrum too. Heating of structural elements can be measured in hours while characteristic chemical times for reactions do not exceed the millisecond. Despite these wide ranges, a series of simple scaling laws seem to describe well a multiplicity of processes associated with fire. In this paper, flaming ignition of a solid fuel will be presented within the context of general scaling laws and forest fires. Therefore, the case of highly porous vegetable fuels will be investigated to extend the theory to the forest fires application.

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The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter

Cited by 181 publications

References 32 publications

Plant surface reactions: an opportunistic ozone defence mechanism impacting atmospheric chemistry

Plant surface reactions: an opportunistic ozone defence mechanism impacting atmospheric chemistry

Assessing the flammability of surface fuels beneath ornamental vegetation in wildland–urban interfaces in Provence (south-eastern France)

Heat and Mass Transfer in Fires: Scaling Laws, Ignition of Solid Fuels and Application to Forest Fires

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