The relationship between the diet, microelements, macronutrients and vitamins on the schizophrenia – literature analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. It begins in adult humans. It turns out that there are factors that predispose to schizophrenia, and by modifying your lifestyle, you can reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. One of such factors is the diet and microelements, macronutrients and vitamins that we consume every day. The aim of the study: The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between the diet, microelements, macronutrients, vitamins and the schizophrenia disease. Material and method: The research of articles was done in the websites such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: Ketogenic and gluten-free diet are promising tools in decreasing the symptoms of and treating schizophrenia. Micro-and macroelement imbalances are present in schizophrenic patients, but their correlation with development of schizophrenia is not clear. Folate, vitamin D and vitamin B12 supplementation could prove useful in the treatment. Summary: There are many studies that try to combine the implications of a balanced diet and the proper supply of elements and their impact on schizophrenia's occurrence and symptomology. Still, further investigation of these topics is needed to provide the most suitable guidelines and applications of proper nutrition of schizophrenic patients.

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Organized Living Beneficiaries with Severe Mental Disorders and Their Caregivers

“…Dietary fiber, essential for digestion, may help prevent cardiovascular diseases [ 33 ] and improve mental health [ 34 ]. Fiber intake in both populations, with schizophrenic disorders and general populations, is lower than recommended [ 12 , 13 , 31 , 35 ].…”

“…Deficiencies of various nutrients, most often vitamins, are linked to impaired cognition. B vitamins like cobalamin, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate, and niacin have been associated with a range of mental health conditions, from depression and poor memory to mania and psychosis [ 29 , 35 ]. The results of the present study showed that apart from folates, both beneficiaries’ and caregivers’ mean daily intake met the recommendations.…”

“…Men in short-term care had mean pyridoxine and riboflavin intake below the recommendations. Cobalamin, pyridoxine, and folate play an important role in neurotransmitter synthesis, the levels of neurotoxic homocysteine, and oxidative stress levels [ 35 ]. In terms of oxidative stress levels, the intake of vitamins C, E, and A may be considered important.…”

Role of phytochemicals in management of schizophrenia

“…Vitamins are often obtained through diet because many of them cannot be produced by the human body at sufficient levels. Many researchers have linked vitamin deficits to schizophrenia, either in the early stages of the condition or after diagnosis [60]. Vitamin B is necessary for cellular metabolism, which includes oxidation-reduction and trans-methylation [61].…”