The Relationship Between the Number of Expanded and Developing Leaves in Shoot Apices of Palms

Dalrymple, Nancy K.; Fisher, Jack B.

doi:10.2307/2445335

Cited by 2 publications

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“…the inverse of the number of leaves produced per year) and the total leaf number n , A = Pn (Tomlinson, ). The total leaf number is expressed as the sum of the exposed L e and unexposed L u (still enclosed in the crown) leaves, and can generally be estimated by means of observation as the number of exposed and unexposed leaves is similar, hence n = L u + L e ∼ 2 L e (Tomlinson, ), although this assumption is not always met (Dalrymple & Fisher, ). To obtain the lifespan of the leaf bases, the equation should be modified so that the number of leaf bases n lb corresponds to the number of exposed leaves L e plus the number of unexposed leaves L u , equivalent to L e , plus the number of living leaf bases post‐abscission B abs , i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm snorkelling: leaf bases as aeration structures in the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans)

et al. 2013

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We thank Paula Rudall and Jeremy Aroles for critical reading of the manuscript. The first author expresses his gratitude to P. B. Tomlinson, who not only proposed the hypothesis investigated in this study, but also provided the opportunity to investigate it. Patrick Griffith is acknowledged for permission and technical help to collect Nypa material at the Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC), Miami, FL, USA, and Larry Noblick for providing phenological data on N.fruticans growing at MBC. The National Botanical Tropical Gardens (NTBG) is thanked for a scholarship to G.C. in 2009. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for comments on the manuscript. We wish to dedicate this paper to P. B. Tomlinson and his remarkable career in the structure of plants and, in particular, palms. Wiley-blackwell HobokenMangrove species have evolved specialized structures, such as pneumatophores, to supply oxygen to the roots, but, in Nypa fruticans, the only mangrove palm, no such structure has been reported. This study aimed to determine the adaptations of N.fruticans to the mangal habitat with special reference to the air-supplying structure. Following senescence, the rachis is abscised at the zone of junction with the leaf base. Simultaneously, lenticels develop so that, when abscission is completed, a network of mature lenticels covers the leaf base. Expansigenous aerenchyma with increasing porosity towards the stem junction occurs in the leaf base. The first two root branching orders present a subero-lignified rhizodermis and exodermis, and the cortex consists of schizo-lysigenous aerenchyma with wide lacuna, limiting radial oxygen loss and facilitating longitudinal oxygen transport to living tissues. Lifespan estimation suggests that leaf bases can live for up to 4years following abscission, ensuring the persistence of aeration structures. This study provides structural evidence indicating that N.fruticans has evolved a unique type of air-supplying structure in the mangal habitat.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174, 257-270

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm snorkelling: leaf bases as aeration structures in the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans)

et al. 2013

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“…To mechanize pruning of date palm and its benefits have been proved all over the world [21]. Each year, about 12 to 15 green leaves are pruned from the palms and the results of the studies show the part of pruning the young leaf to the existing leaves must be 2:1 [4]. The existing leaves on the palm are pruned in the intervals of 3 -5 years.…”

Section: Modification and Performance Evaluation Of Date Palm Leaf An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification and Performance Evaluation of Date Palm Leaf and Leaf-end Pruning Machine

Sarkari

2018

EJENG

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Modification of date palm leaf and leaf-end pruning machine was carried out according to the following aspects: Considering the conventional pruning method, Geometric dimension of the usual garden tool (sickle) or local named Acfea, Morphological form of date palm tree, Designed machine dimension.In this study, the main aims were focused on: Agronomical specifications, - machine net weight, - on farm operation, - application efficiency. To design and develop this machine, a lightweight Hydro-motor as well as proper size frame, handle, proper, hydraulic control valve and a disk-type cutting blade were used. The machine is able to pruning the leaves and leaves-end with depth of up to 10 cm. In general, two changes were considered for on farm application: as a part of date palm service machine and /or a self-operating machine.In the first phase, because of the lack of enough space for bucket of machine to reach the date palm trunk, pruning operation can be perform from a distance from 1 to 2 meter from the main tree trunk; therefore, the designed machine was equipped with a 3-meter length boom so it can be controlled from the lifting cabin. In the second phase, for the trees that are not higher than 4 meters, the machine can be used as a self-operating machine by ladder.The machine was equipped with a short and convenient handle, which will help the pruner to reach the tree trunk for pruning the leaves and leaves’ end.The prototype pruning machine was installed to the tractor MF-285 and site conditions to test and evaluate performs the machine technical and ergonomically parameters was successful. Field operation of tractor mounted leaf and leaf-end pruning machine was performed in Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Institute. 95% of the confidence interval of pruning leaf and leaf-end were achieved between 8 to 14 s and 10 to 19 s, respectively. The total pruning time was gained between 9.9 to 13.8 min for each tree.

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The Relationship Between the Number of Expanded and Developing Leaves in Shoot Apices of Palms

Cited by 2 publications

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Palm snorkelling: leaf bases as aeration structures in the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans)

Palm snorkelling: leaf bases as aeration structures in the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans)

Modification and Performance Evaluation of Date Palm Leaf and Leaf-end Pruning Machine

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