The Relationship Between the Pro-Oxidant and Antioxidant System Status of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and the Disease Stage

Abstract

Disturbances of the erythrocyte antioxidant system presented by LPO intensification were detected in patients with multiple myeloma. Plasma concentrations of MDA in these patients were close to normal due to effective work of the nonenzymatic antioxidant system. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the plasma were reduced, while catalase activity was high, and ceruloplasmin content did not differ from the control, this indicating suppression of the enzymatic component of the antioxidant system. In erythrocytes, the level of reduced glutathione was low, especially at stage III of the disease. Changes in SOD and catalase activities were similar to those in the plasma, while activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes were comparable to those in normal human erythrocytes.

Oxidative stress and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma

“…The association of multiple myeloma progression with the depletion of antioxidants and the increase of pro-oxidant molecules in patient serum has been described in several reports [38-42]. Estimated serum levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and vitamins C and E were lower, whereas serum levels of oxidative stress markers (including malondialdehyd and advanced oxidation protein products) were higher in multiple myeloma patients compared to healthy individuals [38-42].…”

“…Estimated serum levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and vitamins C and E were lower, whereas serum levels of oxidative stress markers (including malondialdehyd and advanced oxidation protein products) were higher in multiple myeloma patients compared to healthy individuals [38-42]. Accordingly, activities of antioxidants preventing lipid peroxidation such as paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) were lower in multiple myeloma patient sera [43,44].…”

Pharmacological dose ascorbic acid administration in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma patients

“…ROS detoxification occurs via two major systems, glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin. Some authors have described antioxidant depletion in patients with MM [ 8 , 9 ]. With selective action on myeloma cells, AA has the potential to reduce GSH in these patients [10] .…”

Multiple Myeloma from the Perspective of Pro- and Anti-Oxidative Parameters: Potential for Diagnostic and/or Follow-Up Purposes?

“…This complexity is best exemplified by the fact that some researchers have argued that inducing ROS may provide benefits in multiple myeloma due to cytotoxicity towards cells with high antibody production [ 5 ]. On the other hand, existing studies have shown an oxidant-to-antioxidant balance favoring oxidation, but most of these studies are relatively old publications [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In fact, there are various limitations in available research focusing on this topic.…”

“…In fact, there are various limitations in available research focusing on this topic. Some lack control groups [ 24 ], some have very limited patient counts [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], most do not report statistical analyses beyond basic statistics or descriptive data [ 21 , 23 , 24 ], and the majority lack sensitivity and specificity analyses for predictive performance. Therefore, we do not have sufficient data regarding the utility of certain oxidant or antioxidant parameters and their potential for use in the diagnosis or management of patients with multiple myeloma.…”