The relationship between thyroid and cancer (focus on breast cancer)

Abstract

The function of the thyroid gland is very important for metabolic processes including basal metabolic rate, nervous reflexes, temperature regulation, cardiac contractility, intestinal transit and growth and maturation processes of tissues and organs [1]. Therefore, the thyroid affects the function of virtually all organs and systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) called tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine or T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and a thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (THS), play a role in growth, development and metabolism. In adults, diseases commonly associated with the thyroid are caused by excess or lack of THs (hyper or hypothyroidism respectively). However, thyroid hormones and their receptors may play a role in the development and progression of other diseases, namely in the promotion and suppression of tumors [1].