The relationship between tongue brushing and halitosis in children: a randomized controlled trial

Keçeli, Tülin Ileri; Gülmez, Dolunay; Dolgun, Anıl; Tekçiçek, Meryem

doi:10.1111/odi.12210

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most common groups of oral bacteria in children with IOH are Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp. However, there is no difference in the abundance of these microorganisms in children with IOH and those without [110].…”

Section: Chemical Compound Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis

Hampelska

Jaworska

Babalska

et al. 2020

JCM

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Halitosis is a common ailment concerning 15% to 60% of the human population. Halitosis can be divided into extra-oral halitosis (EOH) and intra-oral halitosis (IOH). The IOH is formed by volatile compounds, which are produced mainly by anaerobic bacteria. To these odorous substances belong volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), aromatic compounds, amines, short-chain fatty or organic acids, alcohols, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, and ketones. The most important VSCs are hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and methyl mercaptan. VSCs can be toxic for human cells even at low concentrations. The oral bacteria most related to halitosis are Actinomyces spp., Bacteroides spp., Dialister spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Leptotrichia spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Solobacterium spp., Tannerella forsythia, and Veillonella spp. Most bacteria that cause halitosis are responsible for periodontitis, but they can also affect the development of oral and digestive tract cancers. Malodorous agents responsible for carcinogenesis are hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde.

show abstract

Section: Chemical Compound Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In turn, the presence of bacteria, such as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria, was demonstrated in both the samples from examined and control groups. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in saliva samples from both groups [110,111].…”

Section: Chemical Compound Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 96%

The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis

Hampelska

Jaworska

Babalska

et al. 2020

JCM

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By decreasing the nutrient supplies to the bacteria, bacteria counts on the tongue and total VSCs in the oral cavity are reduced [ 16 - 18 ]. Many studies of various mouth rinse applications and tongue cleaning procedures have been conducted [ 19 - 21 ]. However, few studies have compared the effect of simultaneous chemical and mechanical procedures on the reduction of VSCs in subjects with oral malodor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of three oral hygiene regimens on oral malodor reduction: a randomized clinical trial

Aung

Ueno

Zaitsu

et al. 2015

Trials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBreath odor is a nuisance problem for many people around the world. Bad breath affects social interactions of people in daily life by causing personal discomfort and emotional stress. There are chemical and mechanical methods for controlling oral malodor. Many studies of various mouth rinse applications and tongue cleaning procedures have been conducted. However, few studies have compared the effect of simultaneous chemical and mechanical procedures on the reduction of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in subjects with oral malodor. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of different oral hygiene procedures on reduction of VSCs in subjects with oral malodor.MethodsThirty male volunteers who matched with study criteria were divided randomly into two groups. Both groups performed tooth brushing, mouth washing with chlorine dioxide, tongue cleaning and combination of those in different sequence for five weeks. Total VSCs of subjects were measured with a Breathtron®, and oral health status was also examined. Quantitative analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 16.0).ResultsThere were no significant differences in oral health status between the two groups at the baseline. No significant decrease in oral malodor was detected after one week of tooth brushing. Significant reductions in VSCs were shown by adding mouthwash or tongue cleaning to tooth brushing from the second week to fourth week (P <0.01). The greatest reduction in VSCs was found at the fifth week after the practice of all three oral hygiene regimens.ConclusionsTooth brushing alone does not significantly reduce oral malodor. Mouth washing and tongue cleaning significantly reduce oral malodor, but combining tooth brushing, mouth washing and tongue cleaning regimens is most effective for oral malodor reduction. The results of this study could contribute to the formulation of appropriate preventive strategies against oral malodor not only for the general public but also for dental professionals serving as oral malodor-related service providers.Trial registrationRegistration number - ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02113137. Registration date – April 7th, 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0549-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Many studies showed wider and thicker tongue coating increased the risk of oral malodor. 3,13,18,[22][23][24] Therefore, the absence of tongue cleaning would deteriorate oral malodor in dental patients. The use of mouthwash is proved to be one of the measures to decrease the clinical oral malodor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

JDHODT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Oral malodor, also known as halitosis or bad breath, is a common problem worldwide and is associated with social embarrassment, anxiety and psychological depression. 1 Therefore, oral malodor has a negative impact on quality of life. Oral malodor is reported to be the third most frequent reason for people to seek dental care, behind dental caries and periodontal diseases. 2 The prevalence of oral malodor varies by country. Previous research has reported that about 30% to 50% of the population present with the oral malodor. 3-5 Oral malodor can be detected by the organoleptic test, that is regarded as a gold standard. 1 Alternatively, it can be examined by using sulfide monitoring equipment such as the Halimeter®, Breathtron®, Oral Chroma® and Gas chromatography. 6 Many factors influence oral malodor including poor oral hygiene, tongue coating, periodontal diseases, low salivary flow, advanced caries, oral mucosal ulceration, ill-fitting restorations and systemic diseases like upper respiratory tract diseases, stomach problems, liver diseases and kidney diseases. 7 Among the causative conditions, more than 90% of the oral malodor originates from the oral cavity and the remainder is due to systemic diseases. The main chemical compounds of oral malodor are volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). 8-10 Any area in the oral cavity where microorganisms, plaque and oral debris accumulate can produce VSCs. VSCs are mainly generated through putrefactive activities of anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. These bacteria are commonly found in the dorsum surface of the tongue and most of them are the same bacteria as those associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. 1,9,11 The tongue forms a distinct environment for the accumulation of microorganisms, desquamated epithelium cells, and food debris due to its specific anatomical structure. 12

show abstract

The relationship between tongue brushing and halitosis in children: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract: Tongue brushing did not provide an additional benefit to the treatment for malodour. According to the microbiological culture results, a specific bacterium responsible for halitosis in children could not be identified and more sensitive methods might be used for this purpose.

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis

The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis

Effectiveness of three oral hygiene regimens on oral malodor reduction: a randomized clinical trial

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About