“…These theories have informed the developing country literature on the effects of FDI on trade that addressed agriculture [17,18] , manufacturing [15,16] , and the total economy [14,[19][20][21]28,33] . The geographies included China [28] , Cote d'Ivoire [20] , Ghana [17] , Jordan, Morocco, Egypt, and Thailand [18] , BRICS-T [19] , Africa [14] , and developing countries [15,21] . Djokoto [17] , Karaca et al [19] and Yaoxing [20] employed Granger causality, Sun and Zhang [28] , and Umar et al [28] employed fixed effects, random effects, and general method of moments.…”