The relationship between trauma centrality, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees: Is gender a moderator?

Chung, Man Cheung; AlQarni, Nowf; Muhairi, Shamsa Al; Mitchell, Britt

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.001

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Although Syrian refugees have been in Turkey since 2011 and the number of refugees has been increasing each year, there were very few studies addressing the mental health status and needs of refugees in urban settings in Turkey. Many studies in other regions of the world have reported low rates of use of mental health services and the common reasons for this were language and cultural barriers, nancial constraints, discrimination, negative attitudes of healthcare personnel, and lack of information on how and where to obtain healthcare services [23][24][25][26][27][28]; the present study also revealed similar ndings.…”

Section: Scienti C Importance Of Researchsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Those few studies that were conducted in urban areas were in cities close to the Turkey-Syria border, which shared some common characteristics with con ict zones when compared to the cities in other parts of the country (e.g. sounds of aircrafts and bombings across the border, occasional ring of mortar bombs, etc., which might have reminded previous traumas) [11,12].…”

Section: Background Humanitarian Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Mental Health Research Among Refugees: A Community-based Study in Turkey

Çaman¹,

Kılıç²,

Kaya³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Turkey hosts nearly four million refugees and more than 95 percent live in urban areas. Living in urban settings pose different challenges and opportunities than living in camps. This study aimed to assess mental health problems and barriers to accessing mental health care among Syrian refugees in urban areas of Turkey. The study used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected by a face-to-face survey among 420 Syrian refugees in Ankara, whereas qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews with 10 health care providers and 10 health policy makers.Discussion: In our case, the main challenges in conducting research with refugees were collecting data from a highly traumatized population, difficulties with contacting undocumented asylum seekers including trust issues and the fear of deportation, the risk of secondary traumatization among data collectors, and the bureaucracy during study approval processes. Targeting a representative sample was not feasible, because of the lack of publicly available demographic data on a district level, presence of undocumented asylum seekers and high mobility among the registered refugees. Although respondents with significant psychological symptoms were routinely referred to available mental health services, we were not able to do the same for unregistered refugees with problems in accessing health care. Language/alphabet differences and differing dialects of Arabic posed another challenge in both translation and administration of the scales. Based on cultural characteristics, a gender-balanced team was used and the interviewers were gender-matched whenever needed. Also, the research team had to work after work hours and during weekends to be able to interview male refugees, since most refugee men were at work during working hours and most days of the week. Conclusions: The research team’s experience showed that population characteristics including level of trauma, language, culture, gender, legal status, mobility, availability of publicly available data, and outreach-related barriers increased the challenges and ethical responsibilities of the researchers as well the research costs in terms of time, human resources and finance. Even in a host country with geographical, religious and cultural proximity to the refugees, profound challenges exist in conducting mental health research.

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Section: Scienti C Importance Of Researchsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Background Humanitarian Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mental Health Research Among Refugees: A Community-based Study in Turkey

Çaman¹,

Kılıç²,

Kaya³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The war in Syria has produced over 4 million refugees scattered all over the world and 8 million internally displaced refugees [1][2][3][4]. The prevalence rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been estimated to range from 33.5 to 52% [5,6]. Trauma centrality has been identified as a risk factor associated with PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees resettled in Turkey [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been estimated to range from 33.5 to 52% [5,6]. Trauma centrality has been identified as a risk factor associated with PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees resettled in Turkey [6]. It is also a risk factor for victims involved in other types of trauma e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the relationship between trauma centrality, PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity has been established among Syrian refugees [6], the extent to which age influences the levels of these constructs and the association between trauma centrality and distress outcomes is unclear. Addressing these knowledge gaps was the main aim of the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Syrian Refugees of Different Ages: the Role of Trauma Centrality

et al. 2018

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It has been documented that trauma centrality is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees. Whether age would influence the levels of the above constructs and the association between trauma centrality and distress outcomes is unclear. This study compared age differences in 1) the levels of trauma centrality, posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity, and 2) models depicting the association between trauma centrality and distress outcomes among Syrian refugees. One thousand one hundred and ninety-seven refugees completed the Centrality of Event Scale, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-28. Age groups were divided into young, middle-aged adults and adults of 45 or above. No significant group differences were found in the proportion of refugees meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Controlling for demographic variables, all subscales of trauma centrality and psychiatric co-morbidity were significantly different between groups. Young adults reported significantly less trauma centrality and psychiatric co-morbidity than the other groups. Multiple-indicator multiple-cause modelling showed that trauma centrality was significantly correlated with PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity. Multi-group analysis showed the model for the young adult group to be significantly different from the middle-aged group model. To conclude, age did not seem to influence the severity of PTSD among Syrian refugees. The war had a less severe impact on young adults' sense of self and other psychological problems than those who were older. The way in which young and middle-aged adults responded to distress varied depending on environment and personal characteristics.

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Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

2019

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Objective The present meta‐analysis consolidated research examining how positive expectancies (e.g., hope, self‐efficacy, and optimism) may protect against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method Articles were identified by searching PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. Results Aggregated results from 154 studies indicated that positive expectancies were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. This relationship was stronger for coping‐specific self‐efficacy (k = 38, r = −.49; −.54 to −.43) and hope (k = 20, r = −.34; −.39 to −.28) compared with general self‐efficacy (k = 45, r = −.25; −.30 to −.20) and optimism (k = 59, r = −.29; −.33 to −.25) when examining cross‐sectional studies, and results were consistent in prospective studies. Age and gender did not moderate the cross‐sectional relationships. Conclusions These findings indicate that positive expectancies predict post‐trauma resilience. Future research should identify moderators and examine positive expectancies as mechanisms of change in therapy.

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The relationship between trauma centrality, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees: Is gender a moderator?

Cited by 59 publications

References 80 publications

Mental Health Research Among Refugees: A Community-based Study in Turkey

Mental Health Research Among Refugees: A Community-based Study in Turkey

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Syrian Refugees of Different Ages: the Role of Trauma Centrality

Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

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