The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminality in Juvenile Offenders

Gordon, Wayne A.; Spielman, Lisa; Hahn-Ketter, Amanda; Sy, Karla Therese L

doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000274

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nine of the twelve studies investigated adults in prison and three, juveniles in prison (27)(28)(29). One was a national prison population study that included adults and juveniles (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was high risk of bias in all but one study where the sample size was modest (n=38) and the prevalence of HI (by self-report) the highest of all studies (95%) (32). Studies on juvenile females report a prevalence of 28%-49%, with one study reporting a prevalence of HI with LoC of 49% (27)(28)(29). Overall fewer than half of the studies (28,29,32,34) reported severity of HI using internationally recommended definitions (35) and only four studies (24/25, 27, 32, 33) used a HI screening tool that is validated for a prison population.…”

Section: Methods For Assessing the Prevalence Of Hi In Female Offendersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Studies on juvenile females report a prevalence of 28%-49%, with one study reporting a prevalence of HI with LoC of 49% (27)(28)(29). Overall fewer than half of the studies (28,29,32,34) reported severity of HI using internationally recommended definitions (35) and only four studies (24/25, 27, 32, 33) used a HI screening tool that is validated for a prison population. Moderate-severe HI (LoC > 30 minutes) was reported as 22% and 37% in two adult studies (32,34) and 12.5% in one juvenile study (28).…”

Section: Methods For Assessing the Prevalence Of Hi In Female Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies report the effects of HI in female prisoners, and those that do are subject to high risk of bias in the majority of domains (27,28,29). It may be that the prevalence of HI in female juveniles is lower than in adults, but this may simply reflect age related differences in exposure to risk.…”

Section: Juvenile Prisonersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

McGinley

McMillan

2019

Brain Injury

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Background: Although head injury (HI) is associated with offending behaviour, there has been relatively little attention to female prisoners. This systematic review considers the prevalence and characteristics of females with HI in prison, with a view towards improving understanding of service needs. Methods: Electronic databases were searched and two meta-analyses and two systematic reviews were checked for further relevant papers. Studies describing prevalence of HI in female prisoners were included. Papers were assessed for risk of bias. Results: Twelve studies were included. Prevalence of HI ranged from 19%-95% and was lower in studies using hospital records than self-report and generally did not differ by gender. Risk of bias was high overall, with little consistency in assessment methods and definition of HI. Samples sizes of female prisoners with HI were often modest and not clearly representative of the population. 3 The experiences/needs of prisoners can differ by gender, with females having a higher risk of physical and mental health problems, including psychological trauma. Conclusion: HI is prevalent in female prisoners, and their needs and experiences may differ from male prisoners with HI and female prisoners without. There are limitations in the literature, and future research should address these, and in so doing develop a firm, evidence base upon which effective services and interventions for female prisoners with HI can be developed.

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“…Nine of the twelve studies investigated adults in prison and three, juveniles in prison (27)(28)(29). One was a national prison population study that included adults and juveniles (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods For Assessing the Prevalence Of Hi In Female Offendersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methods For Assessing the Prevalence Of Hi In Female Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Juvenile Prisonersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

McGinley

McMillan

2019

Brain Injury

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“…A section of BISQ is an inventory of 100 four-point-rated symptoms that characterize a comprehensive range of transient and chronic problems after brain injury. A factor analysis of these symptoms revealed four main factors ( 42 ), which were labeled as memory-attention, depression-anxiety-mood, aggression-impulsivity, and physical. Symptom factor scores are scaled from 0 to 3, with 0 indicating no symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Visual Tracking Metrics With Post-concussion Symptomatology

et al. 2018

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Attention impairment may provide a cohesive neurobiological explanation for clusters of clinical symptoms that occur after a concussion; therefore, objective quantification of attention is needed. Visually tracking a moving target is an attention-dependent sensorimotor function, and eye movement can be recorded easily and objectively to quantify performance. Our previous work suggested the utility of gaze-target synchronization metrics of a predictive visual tracking task in concussion screening and recovery monitoring. Another objectively quantifiable performance measure frequently suggested for concussion screening is simple visuo-manual reaction time (simple reaction time, SRT). Here, we used visual tracking and SRT tasks to assess changes between pre- and within-2-week post-concussion performances and explore their relationships to post-concussion symptomatology. Athletes participating in organized competitive sports were recruited. Visual tracking and SRT records were collected from the recruited athlete pool as baseline measures over a 4-year period. When athletes experienced a concussion, they were re-assessed within 2 weeks of their injury. We present the data from a total of 29 concussed athletes. Post-concussion symptom burden was assessed with the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and subscales of the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire. Post-concussion changes in visual tracking and SRT performance were examined using a paired t-test. Correlations of changes in visual tracking and SRT performance to symptom burden were examined using Pearson's coefficients. Post-concussion changes in visual tracking performance were not consistent among the athletes. However, changes in several visual tracking metrics had moderate to strong correlations to symptom scales (r up to 0.68). On the other hand, while post-concussion SRT performance was reduced (p < 0.01), the changes in the performance metrics were not meaningfully correlated to symptomatology (r ≤ 0.33). Results suggest that visual tracking performance metrics reflect clinical symptoms when assessed within 2 weeks of concussion. Evaluation of concussion requires assessments in multiple domains because the clinical profiles are heterogeneous. While most individuals show recovery within a week of injury, others experience prolonged recovery periods. Visual tracking performance metrics may serve as a biomarker of debilitating symptoms of concussion implicating attention as a root cause of such pathologies.

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Juvenile Justice Populations

Bonham¹,

Freeman²

2021

Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health

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The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminality in Juvenile Offenders

Abstract: The high rates of TBI and levels of distress found in juvenile offenders suggest a need for preventive actions, interventions to compensate for challenges related to TBI, and programs to assist individuals' transitions into the community.

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

Association of Visual Tracking Metrics With Post-concussion Symptomatology

Juvenile Justice Populations

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