The relationship between urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein and blood biochemical indicators in the general population

Abstract

Urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) is elevated in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment, and is considered a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD. However, it has not yet been investigated whether urinary AD7c-NTP is elevated with increases in blood biochemical indicators related to AD risk factors. We recruited 2180 participants, aged 35–93 years, from communities of four districts in Beijing. Blood biochemical indicators, including blood glucose, blood lipids, renal function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, were measured using routine methods. Urinary AD7c-NTP was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay AD7c-NTP kit. In the general population, there were no significant differences in urinary AD7c-NTP levels in subjects with different Mini–Mental State Examination levels or C-reactive protein values. After adjusting for age and sex, there were significant differences in urinary AD7c-NTP levels between different education levels, marital statuses, blood glucose, blood lipids, and kidney function. There was a negative correlation between urinary AD7c-NTP levels and serum creatinine ( r = –0.128). There was a positive correlation between urinary AD7c-NTP levels and HbA1c ( r = 0.104), insulin ( r = 0.101), and triglycerides ( r = 0.093). Urinary AD7c-NTP might be useful as a potential indicator to predict AD risk.

Potential association between frailty and pTau in community-dwelling older adults

“…According to references [29][30][31][32][33][34], 12 cognitive biomarkers in plasma were detected in our study, including tTau, pTau (Thr181), NFL, Aβ40, Aβ42, S100B 1, VLP-1, AD7cNTP, βAPP, CHI3L1, sCR1 and hFABP. The concentrations of each biomarker are described in Table 2.…”

“…Given that it is likely that frailty and cognition share some common risk factors and biological mechanisms [28], evaluating the associations between plasma cognitive biomarkers and frailty may help to better understand the biological mechanisms behind and to identify new biomarkers of frailty. Since multiple molecular pathways are involved in the neurodegenerative process and all may contribute to various aspects of frailty, we measured a panel of 12 different cognitive biomarkers according to literatures [29][30][31][32][33][34], including total-Tau (tTau), phospho-Tau (pTau, Thr181), neurofilament light (NFL), amyloid-β 40 (Aβ40), amyloid-β 40 (Aβ42), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), visinin-like protein 1 (VLP-1), Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7cNTP), β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1, also termed YKL-40), soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP).…”

Is liquid biopsy mature enough for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease?

“…Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers because of the correlation between its concentration changes in urine and the severity of AD (Wang et al, 2019;Ausó et al, 2020). Elevated urinary AD7c-NTP levels can be used in the early diagnosis of AD with high accuracy (Li Y. et al, 2020;Seol et al, 2020). Monocyte chemoattractant proteinx (MCP-1) also showed promise as a biomarker for AD.…”

The fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

“…In a pilot study, a targeted and quantitative metabolomics approach is applied, and several panels composed of urinary metabolites are identified to distinguish MCI and AD from cognitively healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity [102]. Several novel urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD have been discovered, and some of them are Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) [103][104][105][106], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [107], and dysregulated arginine metabolism [108].…”