“…However, only two Canadian studies have been found using a longitudinal approach to link structural and psychological empowerment to nurses' job satisfaction (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, & Wilk, 2004) and burnout rates (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, & Wilk, 2003), and none in the care of older adults. Cross-sectional studies among nurses have found that structural and psychological empowerment was negatively associated with work stress (Li, Chen, & Kuo, 2008) and burnout (Meng et al, 2015(Meng et al, , 2016. However, most studies investigate these relationships among nurses (Guo et al, 2015), rather than from the perspective of managers.…”