The Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities in Plasma and Kidney Dysfunction

Terawaki, Hiroyuki; Murase, Takayo; Nakajima, Aya; Aoyagi, Keiko; Fukushima, Naotaro; Tani, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Takashi; Kazama, Junichiro James

doi:10.21767/2472-5056.100031

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…19,20 Xanthine oxidoreductase values reported in previous studies Even though plasma XOR activity is a new surrogate biomarker that reflects oxidative stress, some interesting articles on human plasma XOR activity have recently been published. [9][10][11]21,22 The first report on plasma XOR activity in humans by Otaki et al evaluated plasma XOR activity in 440 patients with chronic HF whose status was mainly NYHA class 10 In comparison with previous reports, the median value of XOR activity observed in the present study was extremely high at 104 pmol/h/mL. This suggests that patients with severely decompensated AHF suffered from excessive oxidative stress, which could have been caused by enhanced XOR activity during the acute phase.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…According to their analysis, XOR activity positively correlated with body mass index, serum UA levels, and high sensitive CRP, which is considered an important inflammatory biomarker. Terawaki et al reported that the mean XOR activity in 13 patients with CKD was 23.1 ± 15.9 pmol/h/mL 22. Furthermore, Nakatani et al reported that the mean XOR activity of 163 patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis was 21.4 ± 13.5 pmol/h/mL and demonstrated that plasma XOR activity was associated with diabetes mellitus, leading to the conclusion that it may be necessary to reduce the ROS induced by enhanced XOR activity in patients with diabetes mellitus who required haemodialysis 21.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in patients with decompensated acute heart failure requiring intensive care

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity during the acute phase of acute heart failure (AHF) requires further elucidation. Methods and results One hundred eighteen AHF patients and 231 control patients who attended a cardiovascular outpatient clinic were prospectively analysed. Blood samples were collected within 15 min of admission from AHF patients (AHF group) and control patients who visited a daily cardiovascular outpatient clinic (control group). Plasma XOR activity was compared between the two groups, and factors independently associated with extremely elevated XOR activity were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model. Plasma XOR activity in the AHF group (median, 104.0 pmol/h/mL; range, 25.9–423.5 pmol/h/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (median, 45.2 pmol/h/mL; range, 19.3–98.8 pmol/h/mL). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that serum uric acid (per 1.0 mg/dL increase, odds ratio: 1.280; 95% confidence interval: 1.066–1.536; P = 0.008) and lactate levels (per 1.0 mmol/L increase, odds ratio: 1.239; 95% confidence interval: 1.040–1.475; P = 0.016) were independently associated with high plasma XOR activity (>300 pg/h/mL) during the acute phase of AHF. Conclusions Plasma XOR activity was extremely high in patients with severely decompensated AHF. This would be associated with a high lactate value and would eventually lead to hyperuricaemia in patients with AHF.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in patients with decompensated acute heart failure requiring intensive care

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Measurement of XOR and XO activities was performed by liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-TQMS method). The detail of LC-TQMS method is described in a previous report [ 5 ]. Based on the XOR and XO activities obtained using the LC-TQMS method, the ratio of XO to XOR (XO/XOR) was calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XO is formed by reversible or irreversible oxidation of another isoform, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). Recently, we reported that XOR redox, which is defined as the ratio of XO to total XOR (XO and XDH), changes the oxidative condition in association with kidney dysfunction [ 5 ]. Because the XOR inhibitor (so-called “XO” inhibitor) allopurinol reduces CVD risk to approximately 30% among CKD patients [ 6 , 7 ], XOR redox and OS are thought to be closely related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase Redox and Oxidative Stress among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Terawaki

Hayashi

Murase³

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xanthine oxidase (XO), an isoform of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), is thought to increase the cardiovascular burden among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients via oxidative radical production. Plasma XOR redox, which is characterized by the ratio of XO to total XOR, changes under different oxidative conditions associated with kidney dysfunction. However, the relationship between plasma XOR redox and oxidative stress (OS) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to clarify whether OS is related to XOR redox. We used the redox state of human serum albumin (HSA) as a marker to investigate the status of OS in CKD patients. HSA is composed of human mercaptoalbumin (HMA), which possesses not oxidized cysteine residues, reversibly oxidized human nonmercaptoalbumin-1 (HNA-1), and strongly oxidized human nonmercaptoalbumin-2 (HNA-2). The subjects included 13 nondialysis patients (7 males and 6 females) with varying degrees of kidney function. We found that ƒ(HMA) was negatively (R = −0.692, P = 0.0071) and ƒ(HNA-1) was positively (R = 0.703, P = 0.0058) correlated with plasma XO/XOR. ƒ(HNA-2) showed no correlation with XO/XOR (R = 0.146, P = 0.6412), indicating that plasma XOR redox is not related to the irreversible oxidation of HSA. In conclusion, plasma XOR redox is closely related to HSA redox, particularly reversible oxidation of HSA.

show abstract

“…XO is the main enzyme involved in uric acid production, acting as the final metabolite of the adenine nucleotides. Simultaneously with the production of uric acid, XO activity liberates hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, well-established prooxidant molecules [34]. Increased plasma XO activity has been reported in several disease states, such as cholecystitis, shock, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, acute virus infection, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and carcinogenesis [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Oxidative Stress in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Is Not Associated with Xanthine Oxidase Activity

Veljković

Hadži-Đokić

Sokolović

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) represents a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy which is followed by the progression of kidney fibrosis to end-stage kidney failure. The critical involvement of poisons in food (aristolochic acid (AA), ochratoxin, and heavy metals) and selenium deficiency are among nutritive factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of BEN, due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) liberation and/or decreased antioxidative defence system. The aim of the study is to distinguish a possible systemic and local origin of ROS through the measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in urine and plasma, along with the determination of the oxidative changes in lipids and proteins. The study included 50 patients with BEN and 38 control healthy subjects. We noted increased levels of both thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in the plasma of patients with BEN, compared to the control group (p<0.001). The urinary levels of AOPPs were higher in patients with BEN in comparison to the control (p<0.001). The specific activity of XO was significantly lower in plasma and urine in BEN samples, compared to controls (p<0.005). Based on these results, we hypothesize that XO might not be considered a direct systemic or local contributor to ROS production in BEN, most probably because of the diminished kidney functional tissue mass and/or AA-induced changes in purine nucleotide conformation. The increased AOPP and TBARS level in both plasma and urine in BEN may predict ROS systemic liberation with toxic local effects.

show abstract

The Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities in Plasma and Kidney Dysfunction

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in patients with decompensated acute heart failure requiring intensive care

Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in patients with decompensated acute heart failure requiring intensive care

Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase Redox and Oxidative Stress among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Local and Systemic Oxidative Stress in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Is Not Associated with Xanthine Oxidase Activity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About