The Relationship Between Yeast and Mold Populations in Litter of Broilers Fed Dietary Fungistatic Compounds

Arafa, A. S.; Miles, R. D.; Harms, R. H.; Chen, T. C.; Dilworth, Ben C.; Day, Elbert J.; DiFATE, V. G.; Romoser, G. L.; Shaver, K. J.

doi:10.3382/ps.0610046

Poultry Science

1982

DOI: 10.3382/ps.0610046

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The Relationship Between Yeast and Mold Populations in Litter of Broilers Fed Dietary Fungistatic Compounds

A. S. Arafa

R. D. Miles

R. H. Harms

et al.

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted at two institutions, to study the effect of fungistatic compounds in broiler diets. Dietary fungistatics were sorbic acid, 400 ppmjsorbic and adipic acids, combination at 200 ppm each; gentian violet, 8 ppm and calcium propionate, 1000 ppm. Two levels of feed-moisture (12 and 14%) were used at one institution while two litter types (new and old) were used at the other. Microbiological analysis for yeast and mold populations were made immediately before birds were placed in pens a… Show more

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1983

1985

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Cited by 3 publications

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Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance

Malone

Chaloupka

1983

Poultry Science

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In three floor pen trials involving a total of 14,400 broilers, three particle sizes of processed newspaper (PN) were compared to sawdust as broiler litter. Litter treatments consisted of: hardwood sawdust (SD) as a control, a large particle processed newspaper (L-PN) ranging from 1.27 to 2.54 cm diameter, a medium size (M-PN) of .64 to 1.27 cm, and a small size (S-PN) with particles less than .64 cm diameter. The M-PN and S-PN were used both as a base layer and as a topping agent over a SD base in Trials 2 and 3.In all trials, broilers reared on the S-PN and M-PN used as a base or as a topping had numerically or statistically improved body weights over SD at 10, 28, and 49 days of age. In addition, the birds reared on SD had significantly higher mortality than all other treatments in Trial 2. Litter treatment had no significant effect on feed efficiency, litter cake, or total disease condemnations. The effect on conformation was not consistent between trials. The incidence of breast blisters was comparable to that of SD when the particle size of PN was reduced or when the PN was used as a topping. Broilers reared on PN had improved feathering, but the intensity of yellow color of the skin was reduced more than for broilers reared on SD.(Key words: processed newspaper litter, litter particle size, body weights, broilers)

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Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance

Malone

Chaloupka

1983

Poultry Science

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Comparison of Rice Hull Products as Litter Material and Dietary Fat Levels on Turkey Poult Performance

1984

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Ground rice hulls (GRH), whole rice hulls (WRH), or an equal mixture of whole rice hulls and wood shavings (WRH + WS) were compared with wood shavings (WS) as a suitable litter material for turkey poults. Body weights, feed consumption, and the incidence of leg abnormalities, breast blisters, and foot pad lesions of the birds reared on the different litter material were assessed at 3, 5, 7, and 8 weeks of age. Composite samples of litter materials were examined quantitatively at 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of age for percent moisture and bacterial and fungal populations. Poults were fed a starter ration supplemented with either 0 or 3% fat for 3 weeks, after which a grower diet containing 3% added fat was fed to all birds.Rice hull products produced no adverse effects upon poult performance (mortality, body weights, feed conversion, breast blisters, leg abnormalities, or foot pad lesions). However, the physical characteristics of GRH caused clumps to adhere to the toes of the poults. Approximately 2% of the 180 poults reared on GRH were affected. The condition disappeared once the birds started to scratch in die litter, which tended to break-up the thin layer of excreta on the surface of the GRH. The moisture content of the litter treatments did not differ significantly for the periods sampled. Bacterial and fungal populations were not significantly influenced by dietary treatment or litter type. These results indicate that rice hull products (WRH or WRH + WS) are a suitable litter for turkey poults. Supplementing 3% fat to the starter diet significantly increased growth at 3, 4, and 8 weeks of age. Turkey poults apparently have the capacity to utilize moderate levels of dietary fat during the early growing stage.

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Effects of Sorbic Acid Feed Fungistat on the Intestinal Microflora of Floor-Reared Broiler Chickens

1985

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The intestinal microflora of a group of broilers fed a diet containing .04% sorbic acid from Days 1 through 49 of their lives was compared with broilers given a diet without the fungistat. Four broilers from each group were killed at 7, 21, 35, and 49 days, and intestinal sections of the duodenum, the lower small intestine, and both ceca were removed aseptically. Samples of the contents of the intestinal sections were analyzed microbiologically. Groups of microorganisms analyzed included total aerobes, total anaerobes, coliforms, streptococci, lactobacilli, clostridia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, yeasts, and molds. Generally, there was a large variation in viable counts of microorganisms for birds of the same treatment. Of the nine groups of microorganisms analyzed the highest counts obtained (greater than 10(6)/g) were for total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, and Bifidobacterium. Coliforms, streptococci, and clostridia showed intermediate counts (greater than 10(3)/g), while yeasts and molds and Bacteroides showed the lowest counts (greater than 10(2)/g). Total microbial numbers, in most cases and irrespective of sorbic acid treatment, were highest in the ceca, lower in the small intestine, and still lower in the duodenum. There were no major trends of microbial population changes observed in a given treatment, intestinal location, or group of organisms with age and time on feed. Inclusion of sorbic acid in the feed did not influence total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, streptococci, Bifidobacterium, and clostridia. However, broilers on sorbic acid-containing feed had, at 49 days of age, lower coliform counts in the duodenum, lower yeast and mold counts in the ceca, and higher Bacteroides counts in the ceca.

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The Relationship Between Yeast and Mold Populations in Litter of Broilers Fed Dietary Fungistatic Compounds

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance

Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance

Comparison of Rice Hull Products as Litter Material and Dietary Fat Levels on Turkey Poult Performance

Effects of Sorbic Acid Feed Fungistat on the Intestinal Microflora of Floor-Reared Broiler Chickens

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