The relationship of beliefs about controlled drinking to recidivism in alcoholic men.

Watson, Charles G.; Jacobs, Lloyd A.; Pucel, John; Tilleskjor, Curt; Hoodecheck, D Elizabeth

doi:10.15288/jsa.1984.45.172

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These numbers are, nonetheless, consistent with attrition rates upwards of 25% of treatment-seekers reported in the AUD literature (e.g., Epstein et al, 1994; Kranzler et al, 1996; Ojehagen and Berglund, 1992); further, the percentage of AUD individuals that remain sober versus those who relapse is low (Noda et al, 2001; Pagano et al, 2004; Watson et al, 1984; Yates et al, 1994). Despite the small sample size, the current findings are supported by the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Brain metabolite levels in recently sober individuals with alcohol use disorder: Relation to drinking variables and relapse

Zahr

Carr

Rohlfing

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in alcohol use disorder (AUD) typically report lower levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in several brain regions. Metabolite levels, however, are labile and can be affected by several competing factors, some related to drinking variables. This in vivo MRS study included 20 recently sober (19.6±12.6 days) individuals with AUD and 15 control subjects. MRS was performed in single voxels placed in frontal white matter and thalamic regions using Constant-Time Point Resolved Spectroscopy (CT-PRESS) for absolute quantification of NAA, Cho, total creatine (tCr), and glutamate (Glu). A trend toward a thalamic NAA deficit in the total AUD group compared with controls was attributable to the subgroup of alcoholics who relapsed 3 or so months after scanning. In the total AUD group, frontal and thalamic NAA and Cho levels were lower with more recent drinking; frontal and thalamic Cho levels were also lower in AUD individuals with past stimulant abuse. Thalamic Cho levels were higher in binge-drinking AUD individuals and in those with longer length of alcohol dependence. MRS-visible metabolite peaks appear to be modulated by variables related to drinking behaviors, suggesting a sensitivity of MRS in tracking and predicting the dynamic course of alcoholism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Brain metabolite levels in recently sober individuals with alcohol use disorder: Relation to drinking variables and relapse

Zahr

Carr

Rohlfing

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, the results suggest that the outcomes for alcoholics who indulge in controlled drinking without special training may be neither worse nor better than those of alcoholics who do not. These findings complement an earlier study (Watson, Jacobs, Pucel, Tilleskjor, & Hoodecheck-Schow, 1984), in which we reported that alcoholics' beliefs about the importance of abstinence did not relate to their prognoses. These findings should be interpreted with some caution for several reasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The validity of a modified form of this scale has been discussed elsewhere (Watson, 1985). Collaterals' ratings rather than self-reports were used because the validity of alcoholics' selfdescriptions of their drinking is questionable (e.g., Polich et al, 1981;Watson, 1985;Watson, Tilleskjor, Hoodecheck-Schow, Pucel, & Jacobs, 1984).' The collaterals were wives (31%), parents (13070), other relatives (14%), friends 19Oi'o), employers (~V O ) , and institutional staff members (16%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, some of the controlled drinker samples in these studies were very small (as few as 19 subjects). Third, several of these investigators used self-reports of drinking behavior from alcoholics as their criteria, and many papers (e.g., Polich et al, 1981;Watson, 1985;Watson, Tilleskjor, Hoodecheck-Schow, Pucel, & Jacobs, 1984) suggest that uncontrolled drinkers tend to underestimate their consumption. Therefore, it is possible that some subjects in these studies may have overreported their control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recidivism in “controlled drinker” alcoholics: A longitudinal study

Watson

1987

J. Clin. Psychol.

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This study tested the conflicting positions which maintain that moderate drinking invariably and rapidly leads alcoholics to uncontrolled inebriacy and that alcoholics are capable of sustaining controlled drinking over long periods without special training. We obtained 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month control‐over‐drinking follow‐up ratings on 42 treated alcoholics who had been identified as completely controlled drinkers. Between a fourth and a half were rated as abstinent or controlled drinkers at each follow‐up, while 21% to 37% were categorized either as uncontrolled or institutionalized. No subject was completely controlled for more than two consecutive trimesters. However, only 19% reportedly regressed to completely uncontrolled consumption within 3 months of their first evaluations, which casts doubt on the contention that even limited drinking ordinarily is followed by rapid regression. At their final followups, 47% were rated as abstinent or controlled drinkers and only 36% as uncontrolled or institutionalized. The findings did not support well either the abstinence or the controlled drinking position.

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“…Some use any drinking behavior as an indicator of relapse (e.g., Burling, Reilly, Moltzen, & Ziff, 1989;Sussman, Rychtarik, Mueser, Glynn, & Prue, 1986); some use readmittance to a drug treatment center (e.g., Kivlahan, Walker, Donovan, & Mischke, 1985); some use drivers' history files and arrest blood alcohol content forms (e.g., Wells-Parker, Pang, Anderson, McMillen, & Miller, 1991); and still others use more subjective family reports (Watson, Jacobs, Pucel, Tilleskjor, & Hoodecheck, 1984). Some use any drinking behavior as an indicator of relapse (e.g., Burling, Reilly, Moltzen, & Ziff, 1989;Sussman, Rychtarik, Mueser, Glynn, & Prue, 1986); some use readmittance to a drug treatment center (e.g., Kivlahan, Walker, Donovan, & Mischke, 1985); some use drivers' history files and arrest blood alcohol content forms (e.g., Wells-Parker, Pang, Anderson, McMillen, & Miller, 1991); and still others use more subjective family reports (Watson, Jacobs, Pucel, Tilleskjor, & Hoodecheck, 1984).…”

Section: Chemical Dependency Relapsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial test of inconsistent nurturing as control theory: how partners of drug abusers assist their partners' sobriety

2000

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Inconsistent nurturing as control (INC) theory asserts that because of competing goals of nurturing and controlling, partners of drug-dependent (or otherwise nonfunctioning) individuals will unintentionally encourage the very behavior they are trying to extinguish through inconsistent manifestations of reinforcement and punishment (Le Poire, 1992, 1995. The findings of this first test (N = 52 couples) indicate that partners of alcoholics or otherwise drug-dependent individuals reinforce the substance-abusive behavior more before, and punish the substance-abusive behavior more after, they label the behavior problematic. More importantly, results also indicate that consistently punishing substance abusive behavior while simultaneously reinforcing alternative behavior predicts significantly lesser amounts of relapse. Thus, it is clear from these findings that partners of substance abusive individuals can have an impact on the substance abusive behavior of their partners. Finally, with regard to mental health outcomes, functional partners with partners who relapsed less were less depressed.

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The relationship of beliefs about controlled drinking to recidivism in alcoholic men.

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Brain metabolite levels in recently sober individuals with alcohol use disorder: Relation to drinking variables and relapse

Brain metabolite levels in recently sober individuals with alcohol use disorder: Relation to drinking variables and relapse

Recidivism in “controlled drinker” alcoholics: A longitudinal study

An initial test of inconsistent nurturing as control theory: how partners of drug abusers assist their partners' sobriety

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