The relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in the U.S. population.

Harlan, William R.

doi:10.1289/ehp.88789

Cited by 107 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although significant progress has occurred regarding environmental contamination, there are still serious problems produced by heavy metals. The positive correlation between the concentration of plasma lead and hypertension (37,38), one of the most prominent cardiovascular problems in many countries, and the increase in all causes of lead-related deaths, including circulatory and cancer mortality (39) reinforce the biological significance of lead as an important hazard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

Silveira

Lizardo

Souza

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Chronic lead exposure induces hypertension in humans and animals, affecting endothelial function. However, studies concerning acute cardiovascular effects are lacking. We investigated the effects of acute administration of a high concentration of lead acetate (100 µΜ) on the pressor response to phenylephrine (PHE) in the tail vascular bed of male Wistar rats. Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and heparinized. The tail artery was dissected and cannulated for drug infusion and mean perfusion pressure measurements. Endothelium and vascular smooth muscle relaxation were tested with acetylcholine (5 µg/100 µL) and sodium nitroprusside (0.1 µg/100 µL), respectively, in arteries precontracted with 0.1 µM PHE. Concentrationresponse curves to PHE (0.001-300 µg/100 µL) were constructed before and after perfusion for 1 h with 100 µΜ lead acetate. In the presence of endothelium (E + ), lead acetate increased maximal response (E max ) (control: 364.4 ± 36, Pb 2+ : 480.0 ± 27 mmHg; P < 0.05) and the sensitivity (pD 2 ; control: 1.98 ± 0.07, 2.38 ± 0.14 log mM) to PHE. In the absence of endothelium (E -) lead had no effect but increased baseline perfusion pressure (E + : 79.5 ± 2.4, E -: 118 ± 2.2 mmHg; P < 0.05). To investigate the underlying mechanisms, this protocol was repeated after treatment with 100 µM L-NAME, 10 µM indomethacin and 1 µM tempol in the presence of lead. Lead actions on E max and pD 2 were abolished in the presence of indomethacin, and partially abolished with L-NAME and tempol. Results suggest that acute lead administration affects the endothelium, releasing cyclooxygenasederived vasoconstrictors and involving reactive oxygen species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

Silveira

Lizardo

Souza

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although significant progress has occurred regarding environmental contamination, there are still serious problems produced by heavy metals. The positive correlation between plasma lead concentration and hypertension (6)(7)(8), one of the most prominent cardiovascular problems in many countries, and the increase of all-cause mortality, including circulatory and cancer mortality (5), reinforce the biological significance of lead as an important hazard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research reported that exposure to low levels of lead causes hypertension in animals and humans (6,7). Analyzing data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1988(NHANES, -1994, a positive correlation was reported between plasma lead concentration and arterial pressure in black men and women (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lead reduces tension development and the myosin ATPase activity of the rat right ventricular myocardium

Vassallo

Lebarch

Moreira

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Lead (Pb 2+ ) poisoning causes hypertension, but little is known regarding its acute effects on cardiac contractility. To evaluate these effects, force was measured in right ventricular strips that were contracting isometrically in 45 male Wistar rats (250-300 g) before and after the addition of increasing concentrations of lead acetate (3,7,10,30, 70, 100, and 300 µM) to the bath. Changes in rate of stimulation (0.1-1.5 Hz), relative potentiation after pauses of 15, 30, and 60 s, effect of Ca 2+ concentration (0.62, 1.25, and 2.5 mM), and the effect of isoproterenol (20 ng/mL) were determined before and after the addition of 100 µM Pb 2+ . Effects on contractile proteins were evaluated after caffeine treatment using tetanic stimulation (10 Hz) and measuring the activity of the myosin ATPase. Pb 2+ produced concentration-dependent force reduction, significant at concentrations greater than 30 µM. The force developed in response to increasing rates of stimulation became smaller at 0.5 and 0.8 Hz. Relative potentiation increased after 100 µM Pb 2+ treatment. Extracellular Ca 2+ increment and isoproterenol administration increased force development but after 100 µM Pb 2+ treatment the force was significantly reduced suggesting an effect of the metal on the sarcolemmal Ca 2+ influx. Concentration of 100 µM Pb 2+ also reduced the peak and plateau force of tetanic contractions and reduced the activity of the myosin ATPase. Results showed that acute Pb 2+ administration, although not affecting the sarcoplasmic reticulum activity, produces a concentration-dependent negative inotropic effect and reduces myosin ATPase activity. Results suggest that acute lead administration reduced myocardial contractility by reducing sarcolemmal calcium influx and the myosin ATPase activity. These results also suggest that lead exposure is hazardous and has toxicological consequences affecting cardiac muscle.

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“…It is noteworthy that some large studies, which supported a positive relationship between blood pressure and blood lead, based their conclusions on a single blood pressure reading. 42,58 Some reports based on the NHANES II Study (1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) showed a relationship between blood pressure and blood lead concentration that was particularly strong among white middle-aged men. 69 However, the quality of the blood pressure measurements was questionable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological re-appraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: a meta-analysis

et al. 2002

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Studies on the possible association between blood pressure and blood lead have reached divergent conclusions. In a previous meta-analysis, a doubling of the blood lead concentration was associated with a 1.0/0.6 mm Hg increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). This meta-analysis updates the analysis originally performed in 1994. Articles on the association between BP and blood lead were identified from computer searches from January 1980 to February 2001 using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System. Of the studies reviewed, 31 provided sufficient details to be considered. The meta-analysis included 58 518 subjects recruited from the general population in 19 surveys and from occupationally exposed groups in 12 studies. In all but four studies, the results were adjusted for age, and

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The relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in the U.S. population.

Cited by 107 publications

References 19 publications

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

Lead reduces tension development and the myosin ATPase activity of the rat right ventricular myocardium

An epidemiological re-appraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: a meta-analysis

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