The Relationship of Body Mass Index to Reproductive Factors in Pre‐ and Postmenopausal African‐American Women With and Without Breast Cancer

Adams‐Campbell, Lucile L.; Kim, Kyung Sook; Dunston, Georgia M.; Laing, A. E.; Bonney, George E.; Demenais, Florence

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00253.x

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…13). Hospital-based case-control studies yielded conflicting results (10)(11)(12) + . Another possibility for the lack of association of obesity and weight gain with overall risk of postmenopausal breast cancer is that the strong and lasting effect of body size at age 18 years makes it difficult to detect an effect of weight gain and high BMI at later ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several case-control studies have reported on the relation of obesity to breast cancer risk in African American women separately by menopausal status, with inconsistent results (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). There was little evidence of an association of current body mass index (BMI) with risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was little evidence of an association of current body mass index (BMI) with risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Among postmenopausal women, high BMI was associated with an increased risk (11,14), a reduced risk (12,13), or there was no association (10). In addition, the Cancer Prevention Study II (15) provided data on BMI and death from breast cancer during 20 years of followup, with a total of 257 breast cancer deaths among Black women; there was not a statistically significant association of BMI with risk of breast cancer mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Prospective Study of Body Size and Breast Cancer in Black Women

Palmer

Adams‐Campbell

Boggs

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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145

199

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The relation of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain to breast cancer risk is complex, and little information is available on Black women, among whom the prevalence of obesity is high. We assessed BMI and weight gain in relation to breast cancer risk in prospective data from the Black Women's Health Study. In 1995, 59,000 African American women enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study by completing mailed questionnaires. Data on anthropometric factors were obtained at baseline and every 2 years afterwards. In 10 years of follow-up, 1,062 incident cases of breast cancer occurred. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. BMI at age 18 years of z25 relative to <20 was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among both premenopausal women (IRR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.98) and postmenopausal women (IRR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.81). There was an inverse association of current BMI with premenopausal breast cancer but no association with postmenopausal breast cancer, either overall or among never-users of hormone therapy. Weight gain was not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. In analyses restricted to breast cancers that were estrogen and progesterone receptor positive, IRRs for current BMI and weight gain were elevated but not statistically significant. The findings indicate that being overweight at age 18 years is associated with a reduced risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in African American women. Understanding the reasons for the association may help elucidate the pathways through which adolescent exposures influence breast cancer risk. The lack of association of obesity with receptor-negative tumors in postmenopausal African American women may partially explain why breast cancer incidence in older Black women is not high relative to other ethnic groups in spite of the high prevalence of obesity in Black women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1795 -802)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Prospective Study of Body Size and Breast Cancer in Black Women

Palmer

Adams‐Campbell

Boggs

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

Self Cite

145

199

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“…52 The association has been reported to persist even into postmenopausal age both in Caucasian-Americans 50 and in African-American women. 53 Teenage obesity in Western girls is associated with an increased prevalence of menstrual irregularity, both long and short cycles, and a tendency to anovulation. 54 Teenage obesity is also associated with an increased likelihood of irregular menstrual cycles continuing into adult life.…”

Section: Nutrition Obesity and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Teenage obesity in relation to breast cancer risk

1998

Int J Obes

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While most studies show a higher body mass in Western women to be positively associated with an increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, they show a negative association in the case of premenopausal women. A review of case-control and cohort studies suggest that such protection applies mainly to obesity in teenage girls, whereas obesity appearing after the teenage years is more likely to be associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The mechanisms are uncertain. There is evidence that obesity and the components of the Western diet can independently provoke hyperinsulinaemic insulin resistance at puberty, and in adolescent girls this has been related to evidence of abnormal ovarian steroidogenesis and anovulation. This may decrease promotion of mammary carcinogenesis. If however, obesity continues after the teenage years, the higher concentration of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1) associated with hyperinsulinaemia can interact with oestrogen receptors in mammary epithelium to lead to increased proliferative activity.This review postulates that the observed protective effect of early obesity against premenopausal breast cancer is likely to be replaced by an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer if obesity continues after the teenage years. The manifestation of breast cancer is merely postponed to an older age. Recent prospective and case-control studies suggest that increased bioavailability of IGF1 is a marker of increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Nutritional intake in early life may programme later activity in the growth hormone ± IGF1 axis and in¯uence the progression of transformed cells in mammary tissue. The question remains whether deliberate weight loss can reverse the effects of weight gain.

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“…Many studies of premenopausal cancer in African American women find no association with obesity status near the time of diagnosis (7). Among post-menopausal Black women, results have been mixed (7): some studies found decreased risk (8, 9), others increased risk (10, 11), and others found suggestive or null relationships (12, 13). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size across the life course and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black women, the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 1993–2001

Robinson

Tse

Olshan

et al. 2014

Cancer Causes Control

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It is believed that greater adiposity is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in premenopausal but increased risk in postmenopausal women. However, few studies have evaluated these relationships among Black women or examined anthropometric measures other than near-diagnosis body mass index (BMI). PURPOSE This study investigated associations between measures of body size across the life course and breast cancer risk among Black and White women living in the U.S. South. METHODS We used data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study of invasive breast cancer in North Carolina women aged 20–74 years. We assessed nine body size variables, including age 10 relative weight; age 18 BMI; adult weight gain; “reference” BMI 1 year before interview; and post-diagnosis measured BMI and abdominal obesity measures. RESULTS Among premenopausal Whites, heavier childhood relative weight was associated with decreased cancer risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.33–0.70]). Among premenopausal Blacks, greater adult waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were associated with increased risk (waist OR=1.40 [1.00–1.97] and high tertile WHR OR=2.03 [1.29–3.19]), with associations for WHR in a similar direction in Whites. Among postmenopausal women, recalled body size was not associated with risk, except for increased risk associated with adult weight gain among White non-hormone therapy users. ER/PR status and hormone therapy use also modified other associations. DISCUSSION In this population, greater adult BMI was not associated with increased breast cancer risk, but some measures of early-life body size and abdominal obesity were associated with risk.

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The Relationship of Body Mass Index to Reproductive Factors in Pre‐ and Postmenopausal African‐American Women With and Without Breast Cancer

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

A Prospective Study of Body Size and Breast Cancer in Black Women

A Prospective Study of Body Size and Breast Cancer in Black Women

Teenage obesity in relation to breast cancer risk

Body size across the life course and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black women, the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 1993–2001

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