The relationship of childhood trauma to nicotine dependence in pregnant smokers.

Blalock, Janice A.; Nayak, Nisha; Wetter, David W.; Schreindorfer, Lisa S.; Minnix, Jennifer A.; Canul, Jennifer; Cinciripini, Paul M.

doi:10.1037/a0025529

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In addition, there is increasing evidence that exposure to trauma during childhood is predictive of smoking. Findings from both epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that individuals who have experienced childhood trauma are more vulnerable to initiating smoking at an early age, smoking heavily, and having higher levels of nicotine dependence (Anda et al, 1999; Jun et al, 2008; Blalock et al, 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Blalock

Minnix²,

Mathew

et al. 2013

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective We evaluated whether childhood trauma moderated the treatment effect on depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers. Method The sample included pregnant smokers participating in a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a 10-session interpersonally focused therapy—cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), versus a time-matched health and wellness control (HW) for smoking cessation and depression reduction. Women (N = 248) who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were included. On average, women were 25 years old (SD = 5.91) and smoked 10 (SD = 6.9) cigarettes per day. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and women had an average score of 21 (SD = 11.03). Seventy-six percent of women had experienced some form of moderate to severe childhood trauma as assessed by the CTQ. Results In women with a history of moderate to severe childhood trauma, there was a dose-response association of treatment on depression outcome through 6 months postpartum; those with increasing amounts of childhood trauma benefitted more from CBASP, while those in the HW condition did not. Childhood trauma did not moderate the treatment effect on abstinence, although increasing amounts of trauma were associated with reduced likelihood of abstinence at 6 months post treatment. Conclusions An interpersonally-focused therapy may be beneficial for the treatment of depression during the prenatal period in pregnant smokers with childhood trauma histories and such treatment becomes increasingly more important with cumulative trauma experience. Childhood trauma increases risk for cessation failure in pregnant smokers.

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Blalock

Minnix²,

Mathew

et al. 2013

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…Smoking rates are highest among women who are poor 3 , have low education 4 and those who have low social support 5 . Psychological distress and a history of psychological trauma are common in low-income pregnant women 6 and present a critical barrier to smoking cessation 7 . Among women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy, 45% meet criteria for at least one mental health disorder 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that the highest risk for trauma exposure occurs in late adolescence, little is known about the prevalence of PTSD in pregnant women. There are few published reports 7 on response to smoking cessation treatment for pregnant women with PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Depression and PTSD in Pregnant Smokers Enrolled in Nicotine Gum Treatment Trial

et al. 2013

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Background and Objectives Pregnant women face considerable barriers to smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and response to smoking cessation treatment in pregnant smokers participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine gum. Methods Participants were 194 low-income, ethnically diverse pregnant smokers. Results Utilizing a structured interview, 45% and 18% of the subjects met criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of MDD and PTSD, respectively. There was no difference in response to treatment, based on the presence of either of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusions Cumulatively, these findings provide evidence of the high degree of unmet mental health needs in pregnant smokers. Scientific Significance Pregnant women with a history of MDD and PTSD appear to be as likely to benefit from smoking cessation treatment as those without such a history.

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“…The participants in the present study reported a high degree of emotional distress and extensive histories of depression and childhood trauma. 36,38 Negative affective states have been assigned a central role in instigating and maintaining substance use 64 and the psychological symptoms reported by the participants may play an important part in the nature of their smoking behavior and motivations. Another difference may be that the participants in the present sample smoked relatively few cigarettes per day and had actively reduced their smoking since becoming pregnant.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33][34][35] In a previous study that used the same sample as that of the current study, we found childhood trauma to be predictive of the PDM subscale of Tolerance and several SDM scales, with Negative Reinforcement having the greatest relative contribution to variance. 36 Altogether, these data suggest that motivations for continued smoking during pregnancy may be heterogeneous and represented by both PDM and SDM subscales. To the extent that the WISDM-68 provides information on primary and secondary motives that characterize groups of smokers who are at high risk for cessation failure, such as that of pregnant smokers, [37][38][39] this measure may be of greater use than unidimensional measures in guiding effective and tailored smoking cessation treatments and in predicting relevant clinical outcomes following treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Examination of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) Factor Structure in a Sample of Pregnant Smokers

Parrott

Rathnayaka

Blalock

et al. 2014

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy poses known risks to fetal and infant development. Women who continue to smoke during pregnancy exhibit higher levels of nicotine dependence than women who quit. Increased understanding of the construct of nicotine dependence in pregnant smokers may aid in the development of effective treatments. Research has suggested that nicotine dependence is a multifaceted construct, driven not only by withdrawal and tolerance processes, but also by reinforcement, sensory, and contextual processes. The Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives (WISDM-68) assesses 13 varied smoking motives in order to assess processes that may lead to nicotine dependence. Methods: The factor structure of the WISDM-68 was explored using an ethnically diverse sample of 294 pregnant women who had been screened and/or enrolled in a smoking cessation treatment study. Confirmatory analyses were conducted with previously published models. An exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were conducted to develop and validate a measurement model for the WISDM-68 in this sample. Results: Previously established models were not a good fit for the present data. Using ESEM, a 9-factor model exhibiting both predictive and concurrent validity emerged. Two factors predicted abstinence 6 months posttreatment. Several factors were associated with smoking heaviness, the Fagerström test for cigarette dependence and time to first cigarette. Conclusions: In contrast to previously published studies, a 9-factor model best characterizes the WISDM in the present sample. These findings may reflect smoking motivations unique to young, pregnant women who continue to smoke during pregnancy.

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The relationship of childhood trauma to nicotine dependence in pregnant smokers.

Cited by 39 publications

References 82 publications

Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Major Depression and PTSD in Pregnant Smokers Enrolled in Nicotine Gum Treatment Trial

Examination of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) Factor Structure in a Sample of Pregnant Smokers

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