The Relationship of Choline and Cystine to the Methionine Requirement of Young Chickens ,

West, John W.; Carrick, C. W.; Hauge, S. M.; Mertz, Edwin T.

doi:10.3382/ps.0300880

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…O NRC (1994) preconiza uma exigência de 1.300 mg/kg de colina para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade, este valor de exigência é baseado em vários trabalhos (WEST et al, 1951;QUIILIN, 1961;FRITZ et al, 1967;MOLITORIS;BAKER, 1976a;LIPSTEIN et al, 1977;DERILO;BALNAVE, 1980;BAKER et al, 1983;LOWRY et al, 1987;TSIAGBE et al, 1987).…”

Section: Utilização Da Colina Em Dietas Para Frangos De Corteunclassified

“…Com a evolução das metodologias de análises químicas hoje é possível quantificar a colina com boa precisão (KOC et al, 2002) Vários estudos discutem a relação existente entre a colina e a metionina como doadores de radical metil (MARVEL et al, 1944;CLANDININ et al, 1946;GERRY et al, 1948;SUNDE et al, 1951;WEST et al, 1951;FEATHERSTON;STEPHENSON, 1960;QUILLIN et al, 1961;PESTI et al, 1980;BAKER et al, 1983;MILES et al, 1983;TILLMAN;PESTI, 1986;GARCIA-NETO et al, 2000) porém com variação considerável nos resultados. Pesti et al (1980) Estudos conduzidos por Quillin et al (1961) mostram que a relação existente entre a metionina e a colina é inversamente proporcional, ou seja, à medida em que se usou baixa concentração de colina em rações de frangos de corte, foi necessária maior concentração de metionina para se atingir um maior ganho de peso, provavelmente pela necessidade de doador de grupamento metílico, que pode ser compensado pela adição do aminoácido.…”

Section: Utilização Da Colina Em Dietas Para Frangos De Corteunclassified

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Modelos matemáticos para predição das exigências nutricionais da colina para frangos de corte

Lima¹

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Section: Utilização Da Colina Em Dietas Para Frangos De Corteunclassified

Modelos matemáticos para predição das exigências nutricionais da colina para frangos de corte

Lima¹

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“…The amount of choline recommended by the National Research Council (1994) for broiler chickens (1,300 mg/kg) is based on different studies (West, Carrick, Hauge, & Mertz, 1951;Quillin et al, 1961;Fritz, Roberts, & Boehne, 1967;Molitoris & Baker, 1976;Lipstein, Bornstein, & Budowski, 1977;Derilo & Balnave, 1980;Baker, Halpin, Czarnecki, & Parsons, 1983;Lowry, Izquierdo, & Baker, 1987;Tsiagbe, Cook, Harper, & Sunde, 1987), and the National Research Council (1994) is still used as a reference for feed formulation more than 20 years after its publication.…”

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Estimate of choline nutritional requirements for chicks from 1 to 21 days of age

Lima

Silva

Pereira

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Choline is an essential nutrient in poultry diets because it performs various important metabolic functions. The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the choline requirements of male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age at two levels of methionine. Two assays using 2,160 Cobb chickens (1,080 in each assay) were conducted. The study design was completely randomized and consisted of six treatments and six replicates, with 30 animals per experimental unit. The semipurified basal diet was formulated with corn, soya bean meal, soya protein concentrate, starch and sugar, providing 390 mg/kg choline and 0.593% digestible methionine (requirement level) in Assay 1 and a reduction of about one-quarter in the requirement level of digestible methionine (0.440%) in Assay 2. Choline chloride (62.5%) was added by a supplementation technique to both basal diets to compose crescent levels of choline supplementation (715, 1,040, 1,365, 1,690 and 2,015 mg/kg). The weight gain responses were fitted using quadratic polynomial (QP) and broken-line (BL) models. The ideal intake of choline (mg/bird.day) was estimated from the first intercept of the QP with the BL plateau (BL + QP). The results showed that the diet with the 25% reduction in digestible methionine limited the maximum weight gain by approximately 10%. The choline requirements of broilers from 1 to 7, 1 to 14 and 1 to 21 days of age were 27,013, 44,458 and 62,535 mg/bird.day, respectively, for the requirement level of digestible methionine and 26,796, 41,820 and 56,578 mg/bird.day for the broilers receiving the diet with the 25% reduction in digestible methionine.

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“…Betaine.was tested because of its choline sparing ability (Mc-Kittrick, 1947), sarcosine because it is a methyl-containing metabolite of betaine (Mitchell and Benevenga, 1976), and sulfate because of its reported ability to spare dietary sulfurcontaining amino acids (Ross and Harms, 1970). It is clear that chicks fed casein-gelatin diets respond dramatically to sulfur-containing amino acid supplementation (West et al, 1951) (Fig. 1), while others respond most dramatically to preformed methyl group source supplementation (Marvel et al, 1944;Pesti et al, 1979).…”

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Factors Influencing the Assessment of the Availability of Choline in Feedstuffs

et al. 1981

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Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that chicks fed diets designed to be first-limiting in choline will also respond to supplements of sulfur-containing amino acids and that the growth response of chicks fed a choline-limiting diet to a supplement of a feedstuff cannot be accepted as a reliable measure of the choline content of the feedstuff. Chicks fed 25% isolated soybean protein (ISP) diets that were severely limiting in choline showed a growth response to supplements of either choline or methionine. A bioassay was used to determine the availability of choline in soybean meal (SBM). Results indicated that including 10% SBM in the 25% ISP diet (at the expense of corn starch) drastically altered the chicks' response to choline. When 100 ppm choline was added to the 10% SBM diet, growth responses, compared to the original standard curve, indicated recoveries of 400 and 352% in two experiments. Additional studies indicated that chicks fed the 25% ISP + 10% SBM-based diet responded not only to choline additions but also to methionine, cystine, sulfate, and betaine additions. Further, it was shown that chicks fed a practical-type corn-soy-grease-based diet respond equally as well to supplements of 1% concentrated Steffens Filtrate, .2% L-methionine, or 800 ppm choline. The validity of assays of choline availability based on the assumption that choline is the first-limiting nutrient is questioned.

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The Relationship of Choline and Cystine to the Methionine Requirement of Young Chickens ,

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Modelos matemáticos para predição das exigências nutricionais da colina para frangos de corte

Modelos matemáticos para predição das exigências nutricionais da colina para frangos de corte

Estimate of choline nutritional requirements for chicks from 1 to 21 days of age

Factors Influencing the Assessment of the Availability of Choline in Feedstuffs

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