The relationship of major depressive disorder and gender to changes in smoking for current and former smokers: longitudinal evaluation in the US population

Abstract

Aims Although depression and smoking are highly correlated, the relationship of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) to smoking cessation and relapse remains unclear. This study compared changes in smoking for current and former smokers with and without Current and Lifetime MDD over a three year period. Design Analysis of two waves of longitudinal data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 1, 2001–2002; Wave 2, 2004–2005). Setting Data were collected through face-to-face interviews from non-institutionalized United States civilians, 18 years and older, in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants 11,973 adults (46% female) classified as Current or Former Daily Smokers at Wave 1 and completed Wave 2. Measurements Classification as Current or Former Smokers at Wave 1 and Wave 2. Findings Smoking status remained stable for most participants. Wave 1 Current Daily Smokers with Current MDD (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.03, 1.85) and Lifetime MDD (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.18, 1.85) were more likely than those without the respective diagnosis to report continued smoking at Wave 2. Wave 1 Former Daily Smokers with Current MDD (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.26, 0.76) were less likely to report continued abstinence at Wave 2. None of the gender by MDD diagnosis interactions were significant. Patterns of results remained similar when analyses were limited to smokers with nicotine dependence. Conclusions Current and Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder are associated with a lower likelihood of quitting smoking and Current Major Depressive Disorder is associated with greater likelihood of smoking relapse.

Smoking Trends Among Adults With Behavioral Health Conditions in Integrated Health Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Spending up to 25% of their income on cigarettes (5) and consuming 44% of purchased cigarettes in the United States (6), adults with BHCs are affected disproportionately by tobacco-related diseases and die, on average, 25 years prematurely (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Although overall smoking prevalence (12) and severity of nicotine dependence among smokers have declined in recent decades (13,14), the decreases have been smaller or nonexistent among persons with BHCs (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). This suggests that smoking-related disparities between persons with and without BHCs may be increasing.…”

“…However, advice to quit and resources for quitting may be less accessible for those with BHCs, in part because of inequitable access to high-quality health care. Existing research on longitudinal disparities in smoking among adults with and without BHCs has primarily used data from national surveys (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). It is unknown whether smoking disparities also persist within an integrated health care delivery system with convenient and affordable access to smoking cessation interventions.…”

A pilot study of a smoking cessation intervention for women living with HIV: study protocol

“…[23][24][25][26][27] Women more frequently report that smoking helps them control stress and negative mood and manage their weight, and are more likely to relapse to smoking after a quit attempt. [27][28][29][30][31] Accordingly, a meta-analysis of smoking cessation studies reported that women in general require more intensive counseling support for quitting than their male counterparts. 25 As a relative comparison, Korean women smokers valued the support that they received from their therapists more than their male counterparts.…”

Tailored Versus Generic Knowledge Brokering to Integrate Mood Management Into Smoking Cessation Interventions in Primary Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

“…Both smoking and depression are major public health problems with high morbidity and mortality [1][2][3][4]. Individuals with depression are almost twice as likely to be smokers [5][6][7], have lower long-term smoking abstinence (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.67-0.97) [1], and experience greater addiction severity and negative mood when quitting smoking [8][9][10][11].…”