The relationship of neuropsychological impairment to conduct disorder in adolescence

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

“…The neuropsychology of antisocial disorders has been the object of several reviews since Moffitt (1993) developed her theoretical work in the context of critical reviews of the neuropsychology of delinquency (Moffitt, 1990b) and of conduct disorder (Moffitt, 1993; see also Pennington & Bennetto, 1993). A number of other significant reviews were published around that time and in the years that followed (Giancola, 1995;Kandel & Freed, 1989;Morgan & Lilienfeld, 2000;Teichner & Golden, 2000). Moffitt (1990b) initially identified deficits in three specific areas: language abilities, executive function, and cerebral dominance.…”

The Biology of Childhood Crime and Antisocial Behavior

“…Verbal IQ reductions have also been widely reported in antisocial populations of children and adolescents (Barker et al, 2007 ;Brennan, Hall, Bor, Najman, & Williams, 2003 ;Raine, 1993 ;Teichner & Golden, 2000 ;Vermeiren, De Clippele, Schwab-Stone, Ruchkin, & Deboutte, 2002 ) -though these fi ndings may be somewhat confounded by conceptual and methodological issues (Teichner & Golden, 2000 ) . Verbal de fi cits (which may result from posterior temporal and parietal lobe injury) may play a critical role in the development of self-control (Luria, 1966 ) by following verbal instructions and subsequent internalization of verbal-based self-control mechanisms (a process mediated by intact receptive speech, verbal memory, and verbal reasoning).…”

“…Verbal de fi cits (which may result from posterior temporal and parietal lobe injury) may play a critical role in the development of self-control (Luria, 1966 ) by following verbal instructions and subsequent internalization of verbal-based self-control mechanisms (a process mediated by intact receptive speech, verbal memory, and verbal reasoning). Compromised development may produce a limited repertoire of appropriate verbally mediated behavior, impulsivity, aggression, and hostility (as the condition is exacerbated by environmental in fl uences; Teichner & Golden, 2000 ) , and ultimately socialization failure (Eriksson, Hodgins, & Tenström, 2005 ) . Juvenile offenders with compromised verbal development are generally characterized by reduced verbal intelligence, reading problems, speech delays, and verbal memory dysfunction.…”

Profile of male adolescents with conduct disorder on intellectual efficacy, cognitive flexibility, cognitive coping, impulsivity and alexithymia: A comparison with high-risk controls

“…Firstly, deficits in cognitive flexibility 10 , in particular the ability to shift cognitive set according to changing contingencies, have been described using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 11 : adolescents with CD seem to perform more poorly than community controls 5,12 , although some found them to perform equally well 13 . Secondly, deficits in inhibition are well documented [14][15][16] , in particular in some aspects of behavioral inhibition, such as the ability to refrain from responding before the stimulus is fully processed, as measured by the behavioral task of Immediate and Delayed Memory, IMT/DMT 17 : this type of impulsive behavioral response was observed more frequently in adolescents with disruptive behavior 18,19 or with CD 20,21 , compared with community adolescents.…”