The relationship of personality characteristics, awareness, and attitude in a verbal conditioning situation

Doherty, Mary A.; Walker, Ronald E.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1966.tb02367.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Support for this interpretation comes, for the most part, from a series of studies conducted by Spielberger and his associates. The line of evidence in each of these studies is the same; namely, a strong relationship is found between conditioning in the Taffel situation and the subjects' rating of how much they wanted the experimenter to say "good" (Bryan & Lichtenstein, 1966;Doherty & Walker, 1966;Spielberger, 1962;Spielberger, Berger, & Howard, 1963;Spielberger, Bernstein, & Ratliff, 1966;Spielberger, Levin, & Shepard, 1962).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

A test of three interpretations of attitudinal verbal reinforcement.

Insko

Cialdini²

1969

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Using "good" and "huh" singly and in combination, support was obtained for a two-factor interpretation of attitudinal verbal reinforcement. According to this interpretation attitudinal verbal reinforcement is a function both of information as to the interviewer's attitude and of positive rapport. In agreement with previous results a significant attitudinal effect was obtained for subjects unaware of the reinforcement contingency.

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mentioning

confidence: 88%

A test of three interpretations of attitudinal verbal reinforcement.

Insko

Cialdini²

1969

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Several studies of verbal reinforcement in the Taffel (19SS) situation have found a correlation between conditioning and subjects' rating of how much they wanted the experimenter to say "good" (Bryan & Lichenstein, 1966;Doherty & Walker, 1966;Spielberger 1962;Spielberger, Berger, & Howard, 1963;Spielberger, Bernstein, & Ratliff, 1966;Spielberger, Levin, & Shephard, 1962). These studies provide some support for a hedonic interpretation of verbal reinforcement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudinal verbal reinforcement as a function of informational consistency: A further test of the two-factor theory.

Cialdini¹,

Insko²

1969

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Reinforced pro-clinical or pro-experimental attitudinal responses with "good" by an E who identified himself as either a clinical psychologist or as an experimental psychologist. Only in the condition in which the direction of reinforcement was consistent with the affiliation of the E did influence occur. Since this manipulation of information consistency did effect awareness, but not rapport or other variables, the results were taken as supporting the hypothesis that conveying of information is 1 important factor in attitudinal verbal reinforcement. The further finding that experimental Ss (total N = 64)who received a reinforcement liked E better than control Ss who did not receive a reinforcement was taken as indicating that the heightening of rapport is also an important factor in attitudinal verbal reinforcement. No support for a hedonic interpretation was found, nor was there any evidence for conditioning without awarenes.

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“…Additionally, more stable personality traits of the individual can influence cognitive appraisal and performance. This is especially true in vigilance tasks such that personality can impact the timing and severity of a vigilance decrement (Szalma, 2009), and ability to maintain situation awareness (Doherty & Walker, 1966). Finally, expertise on a given subject, interface, or environment can also impact performance on a cognitive task and influence cognitive states, such as subjective workload.…”

Section: Throughputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Physiological Response

Hughes

Volante

Stowers

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Complex tasks in large and error-prone environments require unobtrusive, unbiased and real-time measurement of cognitive variables to promote safety and to achieve optimal performance. Despite the prevalence of physiological measurement of cognitive constructs and cognitive performance, such as workload, little has been done to justify the inference of cognitive states from physiological measures. We develop a framework based on the extant literature to provide the groundwork for further validation of physiological measurement. Specifically, we leverage theoretically-grounded conditions of measurement to aid in investigating the logical sampling and construct validity for use of such metrics. Further metaanalytic investigation is warranted to validate the model and justify use of physiological measures.

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The relationship of personality characteristics, awareness, and attitude in a verbal conditioning situation

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

A test of three interpretations of attitudinal verbal reinforcement.

A test of three interpretations of attitudinal verbal reinforcement.

Attitudinal verbal reinforcement as a function of informational consistency: A further test of the two-factor theory.

Cognition and Physiological Response

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