The Relationship of Plasma Cholesterol and Basal Metabolism

Ja, Gardner; Gainsborough, Hugh

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3542.935

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Contrary to the findings in Graves' disease [Gardner and Gainsborough, 1928], the production of an experimental hyperthyroidism did not result in any decrease in the blood cholesterol content, in fact the average of six estimations was slightly higher than the corresponding controls.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

The effect of insulin and other endocrine extracts on the cholesterol content of tissues1

Chamberlain¹

1930

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

The effect of insulin and other endocrine extracts on the cholesterol content of tissues1

Chamberlain¹

1930

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Some of these patients, notably A44014, 6, 5253 and P1667, required large doses to effect these results. In Tables III and IV (with the excep-tion of P1667 who was injected intravenously with large doses of thyroxin) the decreases in cholesterol in 8 of the 12 patients were between 11 and 65 mgm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, patients with low basals and low lipoids often are asthenic in physique (33) and are troubled by tension, irritability, tremulousness and insomnia. The administration of thyroid to such persons seems contraindicated, as for example in (6) Table III. This man had found work difficult because of weakness and easy fatigability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a difference of opinion (6), however, as to whether high cholesterol invariably occurred and as to whether it was a sufficiently fundamental part of the syndrome to be of value in weeding out the atypical forms of hypothyroidism from the complex group of patients with low basal metabolic rates and such symptoms as retardation, weakness, easy fatigability, sensitivity to cold, falling hair, dry skin, obesity, etc. Certain authors, and particularly Hurxthal, have concluded that the level of cholesterol constitutes a valuable index of the degree of hypothyroidism, while others (7,8,9,10) have found it unreliable and not an essential part of the syndrome.…”

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Serum Lipoids and Proteins in Hypothyroidism 1

Gildea¹,

Man²,

Peters³

1939

J. Clin. Invest.

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Previous investigators (1,2,3,4, 5) have shown that a high serum cholesterol is commonly found in patients presenting the classical symptoms of myxedema. There has been a difference of opinion (6), however, as to whether high cholesterol invariably occurred and as to whether it was a sufficiently fundamental part of the syndrome to be of value in weeding out the atypical forms of hypothyroidism from the complex group of patients with low basal metabolic rates and such symptoms as retardation, weakness, easy fatigability, sensitivity to cold, falling hair, dry skin, obesity, etc. Certain authors, and particularly Hurxthal, have concluded that the level of cholesterol constitutes a valuable index of the degree of hypothyroidism, while others (7, 8, 9, 10) have found it unreliable and not an essential part of the syndrome. A contributing factor to this disagreement has been the difference in methods employed.The basal metabolic rate has not proved to be an infallible criterion of hypothyroidism. For example, it may be low without the syndrome of sensitivity to cold, edema, dry skin and coarse hair, or the patient may be so tense and excitable that relaxation essential to the measurement of the true basal metabolic rate is impossible.The present investigation was undertaken to study whether or not the levels of serum cholesterol, fatty acids, and phosphatides might furnish accurate criteria of thyroid deficiency and of the value of administering dessicated thyroid. A second purpose was to evaluate the effect of administering thyroid at the height of lipemia. Disorders in protein metabolism have been also described as occurring in myxedema, but the apparent changes in serum proteins may well have been compensatory responses to the disturbance in water metabolism. In order to obtain further insight into this problem, serum proteins and

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“…A number of workers have reported that in patients with hyperthyroidism the blood or serum cholesterol may be within normal limits (1,3,15,28,30,44,52), or sometimes high (17,22,29,39,40,51). That there is no clear-cut relation between basal metabolic rate and cholesterol is probably due to many factors.…”

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Serum Lipoids and Proteins in Hyperthyroidism 1

Man

Gildea

Peters³

1940

J. Clin. Invest.

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It has been stated frequently that the level of serum cholesterol is as valuable an index of hyperthyroid activity as the basal metabolic rate. An examination of the literature, however, reveals controversial material to support this dictum. The present study was undertaken to determine how closely the level of serum cholesterol is related to the degree of thyroid activity and whether it is a useful criterion in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. It was thought of importance also to know if changes in the level of serum cholesterol after the administration of iodine might help in diagnosis in those questionable hyperthyroid patients whose basal metabolic rates do not respond to the ingestion of Lugol's solution. In addition to the cholesterol, basal metabolic rates, serum fatty acids, phosphatides and proteins of 65 patients with symptoms of hyperthyroidism have been determined at frequent intervals to learn: (1) whether there is an inverse relationship between basal metabolic rate and serum cholesterol, lipoid phosphorus, fatty acids and proteins; (2) if these serum constituents increase when the basal metabolic rate falls after the administration of iodine; and (3) if thyroidectomy always increases these components. The data on only 43 patients are presented in the tables because the other 22 patients were not completely studied. There were about 430 samples of blood sera in which the three lipoid fractions and proteins were determined during the 3 or more years that many of the patients have been followed.Hurxthal, Hunt and co-workers have studied the largest group of patients (23,24,25,26,38). Although they have employed a cholesterol colorimetric method described by Bloor in 1922, their results are reliable because they have devoted considerable attention to normal values. They have placed the low limit of normal for their method at 120 mgm. per cent, and the high limit at 300 1This work was aided in part by a grant from the Knight Fund, Yale University School of Medicine. mgm. per cent (26). In the study of patients with hyperthyroid disease these authors have found cholesterol values in a large majority of patients which were close to their low limit of normal. The rest of the values were distributed about equally on both sides of this figure (23). These authors have considered the possible effect of malnutrition on the serum cholesterol and have decided that it is of minor importance (23).They conclude that serum cholesterol is low in hyperthyroidism and that there is a relation between the severity of the disease and the level of cholesterol (23). Recent studies by Boyd indicate that total lipoids and phospholipids, as well as cholesterol, tend to be low in hyperthyroidism (7,8,9,10,11). Thus these recent studies on a large number of patients support the view that severe degrees of hyperthyroidism are usually associated with low levels of serum cholesterol (4,16,41,45,47).It is, however, probable that there are a considerable number of patients with severe hyperthyroidism who do not have low serum choles...

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The Relationship of Plasma Cholesterol and Basal Metabolism

Abstract: PREVENTION OF COMPLETB EUPTURU OF THH PEINEUM. 1J 835 lefore the tear extends into the rectum is largely a matter of luck, unless the obstetrician can take active steps to limit the (damnage.

Cited by 15 publications

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The effect of insulin and other endocrine extracts on the cholesterol content of tissues1

The effect of insulin and other endocrine extracts on the cholesterol content of tissues1

Serum Lipoids and Proteins in Hypothyroidism 1

Serum Lipoids and Proteins in Hyperthyroidism 1

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