The relationship of presence or absence of palmaris longus and fifth flexor digitorum superficialis with carpal tunnel syndrome

Saied, Alireza; Karamoozian, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02558.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…After application of the selection criteria to titles and abstracts, a total of 34 articles were identified for detailed examination. Eleven full‐text articles were excluded upon criteria application; one study in Czech language (Dvoráková and Zvolský, ), one study in Polish (Feret et al, ), five studies where dissection was used in assessing PL morphology or presence (Gościcka et al, ; Ito et al, ; Pai et al, ; Stecco et al, ; Albay et al, ), two case reports (Park et al, 2010; Georgiev et al, ), one study reported similar data from another relevant study (Sebastin et al, ), and one comparative study (Saied and Karamoozian, ). The final list comprised 23 relevant articles, with citation tracking and reference scanning revealing a further five for review, of which three were included.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yammine

2013

Clinical Anatomy

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We report a systematic review and a proportion meta-analysis of prevalence studies evaluating the prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis (PLA) in the literature. The overall PLA rate was defined to be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were rates of PLA in relation to ethnicity, laterality, side, gender, age, and hand dominance. We identified 26 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed an overall PLA pooled rate of 20.25%, higher than the commonly reported overall rate of 15%. Our results also showed significantly lower pooled rates in Africans (11.3%) and East Asians (4.5%) when compared to Arab Middle Eastern population (41.7%). A subgroup analysis of the African group showed a pooled rate of 2.71%, the lowest, in the East and South East African population. The pooled rate was 26.3% among Caucasians, 26.16% among South and Southeast Asians and 34.13% among Turkish. In discordance with the literature, PLA was statistically more predominant on the right side. No significant differences in PLA rates were found for laterality, gender, the combination of gender and side or the combination of gender and laterality. The lowest rate of PLA found in East and South East African populations might be indicative of the subsequent phylogenetic degeneration of the palmaris longus muscle in modern humans after the "Out of Africa" migration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yammine

2013

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Although the function of PL is considered very less, but its tendon is reported to be usefulfor reconstructive plastic and hand surgery in tendon graft (Sebastin et al, 2005a), in lip augmentation (Davidson, 1995), ptosis correction (Chauhan, 2003), in management of some facial paralysis (Atiyeh et al, 1998), opponensplasty for severe carpal tunnel syndrome (Park et al, 2010) and excisional arthroplasty for management of keinbock , s disease (Kucuk et al, 2011). Absence of PL may be associated with some morbidities such as carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist compartment syndrome and Guyon's syndrome (Saied and Karamoozian, 2009;Salgado et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesis of Palmaris Longus in Southern of Iran: A Population Based Study

Karimi-Jashni¹

2014

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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The Palmaris Longus (PL) muscle is a weak flexor muscle with wide prevalence of agenesis in world. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of agenesis of PL in a southern population of Iran. A total of 732 subjects aged 7-86 years were selected randomly. The participants were primarily asked to do the standard test (Schaeffer's test). Four tests were done for confirmation of the absence of the tendon in the subjects. The overall agenesis of muscle in both genders was 30.7±1.7%. This prevalence was more in females than in males (38.6 Vs. 22.7%, p<0.001). The bilateral agenesis was seen in 19.5% and left and right sided absences were 6.8% and 4.4%, respectively. There were significant differences between total and bilateral agenesis with age groups (P = 0.016 and P = 0.017). The agenesis of PL was higher than it reported in literature. The prevalence of bilateral absent was more common in present study adversely to the report in text that it was more on left side hand.

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“…Two studies have suggested a probable role for the presence or absence of function in the fifth flexor in the development of CTS (8, 11). One of these concludes that CTS is not related to the presence or absence of the fifth flexor tendon (8), but the other suggested that its absence is a risk factor (11). The sampling method and definition of the absence of the superficial flexor were different in these two studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disputing this finding, at least one study found that presence or absence of the palmaris longus is not a factor in the development of CTS. Similar to palmaris longus tendon, absence of superficial fifth flexor digitorum tendon of the hand is a normal variation (9, 10), and its role has been evaluated as a possible factor in the formation of CTS (8, 11). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and Fifth Superficial Flexor Digitorum; Is There Any Effect on Median Nerve Surface Area in Wrist Sonography

et al. 2014

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Background:Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) describes a set of symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, which is the most common site of nerve compression in the upper limb. This syndrome is a primary source of pain and reduced function in these patients, and the cause is compression of the median nerve where it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in the wrist.Objectives:The aim of the present cross sectional study is to assess the absence of palmaris longus and fifth superficial flexor digitorum tendon as normal anatomic variations on the sonographic measurement of median nerve surface area in healthy individuals’ wrists.Patients and Methods:Ninety-three healthy volunteers underwent clinical evaluation for determining the presence of tendons in both wrists and sonographic measurement of median nerve surface area.Results:In 41 of 186 (22%) hands, the palmaris longus tendon was absent and absence of the fifth flexor digitorum tendon was noted in eight (4.30 %). The median surface area in the hands without palmaris longus was meaningfully lower than the hands with it (P = 0.025), while the difference in the median surface area was not statistically significant with regard to presence of the fifth flexor digitorum tendon (P = 0.324).Conclusions:Based upon the findings of the present study, it seems that the median surface area as a sonographic finding is probably related to presence or absence of the palmaris longus tendon, so that hands with the tendon present have larger surface areas. In addition, it seems that this sonographic finding does not depend on the function of the fifth superficial flexor digitorum tendon. Therefore, no correlation between CTS and the presence of palmaris longus tendon should be observed.

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The relationship of presence or absence of palmaris longus and fifth flexor digitorum superficialis with carpal tunnel syndrome

Abstract: Our findings showed that the absence of the PL tendon and fifth FDS function, independently and in combination, is more frequent in patients with CTS. Also we found that the severity of CTS or pain distribution in these patients was not related to the presence or absence of these tendons.

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Clinical prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Clinical prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Agenesis of Palmaris Longus in Southern of Iran: A Population Based Study

Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and Fifth Superficial Flexor Digitorum; Is There Any Effect on Median Nerve Surface Area in Wrist Sonography

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