The Relationship of Self-Esteem and Attributional Styles with Self-Handicapping in Primary Schools

Abstract

Background: Self-esteem, attributional styles, and self-handicapping play key roles in students' individual and social performances. Through determining interactional relations among these factors, parents and schools can plan for improving students' performances. Objectives: Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of self-esteem and attributional styles with self-handicapping among primary school students. Methods: The statistical population of this study comprised of 3rd to 5th grades of primary school students in Zahedan, during the 2015 -2016 academic year. The research sample consisted of 365 primary students (154 boys and 211 girls) aged 9 to 11 years old who were selected using the random cluster sampling method. The research measurement tools were the Seligman et al. Children's attributional style questionnaire, the rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the Midgley et al. self-handicapping scale. The statistical analyses were performed via SPSS16 using both descriptive and inferential statistics including the correlation test and the Inter regression analysis. Results:The descriptive results indicated that the means of the pessimistic (9.15), optimistic (9.39) attribution styles, and selfhandicapping (7.11) among the students were lower than the nominal mean of the questionnaires, however, the mean of self-esteem (31.20) was higher than the nominal mean score. Furthermore, results showed that self-handicapping was significantly and positively related to the pessimistic attribution style and it was significantly and negatively correlated with self-esteem. In addition,

Combined Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

“…The transplantation of allogeneic [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] and iPS-derived [ 62 , 63 ] myoblasts and myogenic precursor/progenitor cells, muscle satellite cells [ 64 ], mesoangioblasts [ 65 ], and mesenchymal stem cells [ 66 , 67 , 68 ] in both preclinical experiments and clinical trials has been reported and limited positive effects demonstrated. Inadequate cell engraftment, their low proliferative potential and chronic systemic, and local inflammation in the affected muscles were named the main reasons for the insufficient efficacy of single cell type cell therapy of the disease [ 69 , 70 ].…”