The relationship of the cochlear microphonic potential to the acquisition of a classically conditioned pupillary dilation response

Ashe, John H.; Cassady, J. Michael; Weinberger, Norman M.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(76)91108-1

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The EDS (US) produced consistently large dilation responses throughout the experimental session. During conditioning, acoustically evoked dilations increased rapidly over trials, as has been reported previously (Ashe et al, 1976;Oleson et al, 1972Oleson et al, , 1973Oleson et al, , 1975Ryugo & Weinberger, 1978;Weinberger, Oleson, & Haste, 1973). The average conditioned dilations typically exceeded the largest acoustically elicited responses of the preceding sensitization period during Trials 6-10, attained asymptote by Trials 21-25, and maintained high values thereafter ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Pupillary Behavior and Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The effects of training on pupillary behavior were assessed as described previously (Ashe, Cassady, & Weinberger, 1976;Oleson et al, 1975;, Oleson, Vododnick, & Weinberger, 1973;Oleson, Westenberg, & Weinberger, 1972;Ryugo & Weinberger, 1978). Briefly, the pupillometer write-out was measured immediately preceding the presentation of the CS throughout training and preceding the US for sensitization trials on which EDS was given alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

Weinberger¹,

Hopkins²,

Diamond³

1984

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The effects of conditioning on the discharges of single neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) were determined during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response in chronically prepared cats. Acoustic stimuli (1-s white noise or tone) were presented with electrodermal stimulation unpaired during a sensitization control phase followed by pairing during a subsequent conditioning phase. Stimulus constancy at the periphery was ensured by the use of neuromuscular blockade. Discharge plasticity developed rapidly for both evoked and background activity, the former attaining criterion faster than the latter. The pupillary dilation conditioned response was acquired at the same rate as were changes in evoked activity (i.e., 10-15 trials) and faster than background activity (i.e., 20-25 trials). Increases in background activity were correlated with increasing level of tonic arousal, as indexed by pretrial size of the pupil.

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Section: Pupillary Behavior and Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

Weinberger¹,

Hopkins²,

Diamond³

1984

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…These include inhibition of delay , conditioned inhibition , discrimination between two acoustic stimuli (Ryugo and Weinberger, 19781, retention of discrimination over days, and discrimination reversal (Oleson et al, 1972. Furthermore, these normal behavioral phenomena develop while the cochlear microphonic is constant, demonstrating acoustic control (Ashe et al, 1976). Finally, pupillary learning in this preparation is accompanied by the systematic development of discharge plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex Weinberger et al, 1984).…”

Section: Subjects Surgery and Preparation For Recordingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Muscarinic agonists modulate spontaneous and evoked unit discharge in auditory cortex of cat

McKenna

Ashe²,

Hui

et al. 1988

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The present experiments studied the effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the spontaneous and acoustic-evoked discharge of auditory cortical neurons and examined whether these effects were mediated by muscarinic cholinergic receptors. A primary focus of this report is the analysis of specific effects of these agents on the spontaneous and tone-evoked discharge and on different temporal components of the evoked discharge. Single neurons were recorded in the auditory cortex of chronically prepared, awake cats with multibarrel micropipette electrodes. The responses to acoustic stimuli were obtained before, during, and following continuous ejection of cholinergic agonist or antagonists by micropressure. The mean rate of discharge of the neurons was analyzed quantitatively for spontaneous discharge and for different peaks of the tone-evoked PSTH corresponding to tone "on," "through," and "off" responses. Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetyl-beta-methacholine (MCh) produced significant effects on spontaneous activity in 72% and 68% of neurons tested, respectively. Tone-evoked responses were effected in 92% and 82% of cells tested, respectively. The ability of these agonists to modify spontaneous or evoked activity was dose-dependent. Agonist effects on spontaneous and evoked activity were often different in the same cell; however, effects on spontaneous activity did predict effects on "through" responses. The most common effect of ACh or MCh on evoked activity was facilitation of the tone "on" response. For neurons with multicomponent discharge patterns in response to tones, the agonists had nonuniform effects on different response components. However, the effects of ACh on the "on" and "off" responses covaried. Hence cholinergic agonists produce heterogeneous, selective effects on different components of the responses of auditory cortical neurons rather than simple increases or decreases in discharge level. The effects of cholinergic agonists were modified in the presence of atropine. The effects of MCh were blocked by atropine in a higher proportion of cases than those of ACh.

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“…The animals were artificially ventilated; expired carbon dioxide levels were maintained within normal limits and were continuously monitored with a Beckman Gas Analyzer. Neuromuscular blockade which insured stimulus constancy at the periphery (Ashe et al, 1976;Baust and Berlucchi, 1964;Carmel and Starr, 1963;Irvine and Webster, 1972) was maintained with Flaxedil (15 mghr, iv). The corneas were coated with ophthalmic ointment to preclude possible discomfort from drying, the subject was positioned on cushions, and the pedestal was bolted to a rigid attachment to the stereotaxic frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic modulation of frequency receptive fields in auditory cortex: I. Frequency‐specific effects of muscarinic agonists

McKenna

Ashe

Weinberger

1989

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Previously we reported that acetylcholine (ACh) and acetyl-beta-methacholine (MCh) modify responses of neurons in auditory cortex to individual frequencies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscarinic agonists produce frequency-specific alterations or general changes in cellular responses. Frequency-specific modifications would be evident in alterations of frequency receptive fields (FRF) that differed across frequencies while general effects would be seen as changes that were more or less the same over frequencies. Responses of single neurons to designated sets of tones were recorded in the auditory cortex of chronically prepared awake cats before, during, and following ejection of ACh or MCh by iontophoresis or micropressure using multibarrel micropipettes. Frequency receptive fields were determined by presenting isointensity tones across a range of frequencies including the cell's best frequency (BF) to tone onset. FRF for "off" and "sustained (through)" responses were also determined quantitatively. The effects of ACh and MCh were predominantly frequency-specific (77%, 39/51 cells); general changes (19%, 10/51) and no effects (4%, 2/51) were less likely. Frequency-specific effects involved both facilitation and reduction of the same response component to different frequencies within the same neuron. For responses to tone onset (but not "through" and "off" responses), agonists were more likely to produce a decrease at the BF while simultaneously increasing responses to other frequencies. Agonists could increase or decrease frequency selectivity. Effects of agonists could be blocked by atropine, suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors.

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The relationship of the cochlear microphonic potential to the acquisition of a classically conditioned pupillary dilation response

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

Muscarinic agonists modulate spontaneous and evoked unit discharge in auditory cortex of cat

Cholinergic modulation of frequency receptive fields in auditory cortex: I. Frequency‐specific effects of muscarinic agonists

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