The Relationship of the Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Length, Frequency of Menstruation, and Physical Activities With the Incident of Anemia in Adolescents Girls at Islamic Boarding School

Abstract

Background: Currently anemia is still a health problem. One of the causes of anemia is bleeding that occurs during menstruation. Menstrual disorders can be influenced by body weight, frequency of exercise, physical activity, diet, environmental exposure. Women with long menstrual periods cause more blood to flow, which can lead to anemia.Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between menstrual cycles, menstrual length, menstrual frequency, and physical activity with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in Islamic boarding schools.Methods: This study used an observational analytic method with a case-control approach. The calculation of the formula used hypothesis test for an odds ratio, obtained a total sample of 84 people. The sampling technique was quota sampling who met the inclusion criteria.Univariate analysis was analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Bivariate analysis was analyzed using Chi Square and Fisher Exact Test that was carried out to determine the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable. The research instrument for variable menstrual cycle, menstrual length, and frequency of menstruation used questionnaires that used adolescents as respondents, while for variables of physical activity using an international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Blood collection to determine anemia levels using a hemocue tool (easy touch).ResultsThe results showed the factors associated with anemia were menstrual cycle (p = 0.024; OR = 5.45), menstrual length(p = 0.026; OR = 8.2), and frequency of menstruation (p = 0.026; OR = 2.16), while the unrelated factor was physical activity.Conclusion: Menstrual cycle, menstrual length, and frequency of menstruation is a factor affecting anemia, while physical activity is not a factor affecting anemia.

Comparison of Hb Levels Given Iron Supplements with and Without Vitamin B12 to Anemia Female Industrial Workers in Surakarta Residency Area

“…Hormonal changes that occur during irregular menstrual cycles can affect the production and distribution of red blood cells and iron in the body, which in turn can affect hemoglobin levels. 25 World Health Organization 17,19 entitled "Iron Deficiency Anemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control" also states that menstrual hormone fluctuations can contribute to the risk of iron deficiency and anemia in women of reproductive age. Therefore, maintaining regular menstrual cycles through a healthy lifestyle and proper medical care can help maintain stable hemoglobin levels and prevent the risk of anemia.…”

Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe, Lama Menstruasi, Perilaku Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri SMKN 4 Kota Mataram

“…Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Pibriyanti et al, (2021) bahwa ada hubungan lama menstruasi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di pesantren tahun 2021 (P=0,026; OR=8,2), yang menunjukan hasil bahwa lama menstruasi pada remaja putri atau menstruasi yang tidak normal lebih berisiko 8,2 kali untuk menderita anemia dibandingkan dengan remaja yang lama menstruasinya normal. Lama menstruasi biasanya antara 3-5 hari yang diikuti darah yang sedikit-sedikit selama 1-2 hari.…”

The Relationship of Hemoglobin Levels with Menstrual Patterns in Adolescent Girls at Surakarta

“…Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh Pibriyanti dkk pada tahun 2021 yang menyatakan bahwa faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia yaitu siklus menstruasi (nilai p 0,024) dan lama menstruasi (nilai p 0,026). Remaja putri yang memiliki siklus menstruasi yang Panjang dan lama menstruasi yang singkat akan semakin sedikit mengeluarkan darah menstruasi, sehingga tidak banyak zat besi yang ikut terbuang (14) .…”