“…Loyalty and retention are many times associated and interconnected with the pursuit of satisfaction (Rahman, 2013). This linkage creates enormous costs, but based on the ndings of many studies brings low or even zero effect on the real retention (Blattberg, Getz, & Thomas, 2001;Malthouse & Mulhern, 2008;Carnegiea, Wilcoxb, & Zhuc, 2008;Gounaris, Tzempelikos, & Chatzipanagiotou, 2007). It is because satisfaction, described as the positive difference between expectations and delivered quality, is just one element of loyalty and retention.…”