The relative age effect in under-17, under-20, and adult elite female soccer players

Ribeiro, Elaine Rossi; Barreira, Júlia; Carraco, Dayse; Galatti, Larissa Rafaela; Götze, Martin; Abad, César Cavinato Cal

doi:10.1080/24733938.2022.2164608

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, the difference in sample selection (i.e., the first one considering the Italian national teams and the second one considering the Italian national teams) may partially explain these results. On the other hand, data corroborated previous results underlined as RAE disappears from youth to senior level [ 20 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, supported by a traditional subjective assessment, coaches and talent scouts may consciously or unconsciously select relatively older rather than relatively younger players. This is true, particularly in youth football, where the invasive nature combined with the high physical demand required during competition may exacerbate the RAE [ 18 , 19 ] and distort the identification, selection, and successful transition of players [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the RAE is well documented in male football, whereby a consistent and pervasive RAE exists, especially in the youth age groups [ 14 , 18 , 19 ], its presence remains inconclusive in females [ 17 , 21 ]. More specifically, the RAE seems mixed depending on contextual factors such as sociocultural context (i.e., depth of competition, attraction level and country-specific differences) [ 22 ], age groups [ 20 ], competition levels [ 23 ], playing positions [ 20 ], and historical moment [ 24 ]. For example, there was a significant difference in quartile distributions across elite German national teams [ 25 ] (i.e., Q1~31% vs. Q4~21%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, high-level senior French players did not present the RAE [ 26 ] whereas players born near the selection date in Italy were about 1.62 times more likely to reach the high-level tiers [ 27 ]. Likewise, when considering Women’s Football World Cup rosters (years between 2008–2019), the RAE effect sizes have been identified only in the U17 and U20 tournaments but not in senior tournaments [ 20 , 24 ]. In particular, for the Under 17 and 20 age groups, a RAE was observed (i.e., Q1~33% vs. Q4~20%), especially when considering midfielders (i.e., Q1~37% vs Q4~17%) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, when considering Women’s Football World Cup rosters (years between 2008–2019), the RAE effect sizes have been identified only in the U17 and U20 tournaments but not in senior tournaments [ 20 , 24 ]. In particular, for the Under 17 and 20 age groups, a RAE was observed (i.e., Q1~33% vs. Q4~20%), especially when considering midfielders (i.e., Q1~37% vs Q4~17%) [ 20 ]. Differently, Andrew et al [ 21 ] found no RAE in UEFA European tournaments of U17, U19, and senior age groups between 2019–2022, whilst Barreira et al [ 28 ] reported no RAE in Olympic tournaments between 1996–2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Youth-to-senior transition in women’s and girls’ football: Towards a better understanding of relative age effects and gender-specific considerations

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to evaluate youth-to-senior transition and the relative age effect in Italian female football national teams. Birthdate data of 774 female players selected for Under 17 (N = 416), 19 (N = 265) and National Senior team (N = 93) were analysed. The youth-to-senior transition rate was determined by the number of youth players competing in the Senior National team (and vice versa), whilst birth quarter (Q) distributions with a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Only 17.4% of youth players were able to be selected for the Senior National team, whereas 31.2% of the players reached the high-senior level without being selected for youth age groups. Data revealed a skewed birth date distribution in Under 17 and 19 teams (on average, Q1 = 35.6% vs Q4 = 18.5%) but not in the Senior National team. Youth players born in Q1 were two times more likely to be selected than in Q4. In Under 17, goalkeepers, defenders, and midfielders of Q1 players were overrepresented. However, Q4 players recorded higher conversion rates than Q1 (Q1 = 16.4% vs. Q4 = 25.0%). National youth experience may not be a prerequisite for being selected at the senior level. Moreover, this confers a higher probability of playing in the National Senior team than players not selected in youth rosters.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Youth-to-senior transition in women’s and girls’ football: Towards a better understanding of relative age effects and gender-specific considerations

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The relative age effect among Chinese junior men’s tennis players and its impact on sports performance

Aku,

Yang

2023

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative age effect (RAE) has been the subject of many studies, but no relevant literature has discussed the phenomenon of RAE in Chinese tennis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that RAE significantly contributes to brain drain and other occurrences that create inequity. This paper analyzes the birth dates and year-end rankings of all male players (N = 2697) who participated in China’s junior tennis tournaments (U12, U14, U16) between 2014 and 2019 and who were selected for China’s National Junior Team in 2019 and 2020; the paper classifies the birth dates into quarters and semesters. One of the research objectives of this study is to analyze whether RAE exists in Chinese junior men’s tennis and whether RAE exerts an effect on athletes’ performance. Differences between the observed and expected birthdate distributions were tested using chi-square statistics, and subsequent calculations were tested using odds ratios. The study found that RAE was present in all Chinese junior male tennis sports groups (p<0.001). The percentages of athletes born in the first half of the year were 56.4% (U12), 60.4% (U14), and 60.4% (U16), and the percentages of those born in the first quarter were 34.1% (U12), 36.4% (U14), and 37.1% (U16). Athletes with birth dates closer to the beginning of the year had a higher probability of achieving excellent athletic performance as a result of RAE, whereas those who were born near the end of the year had a more difficult time achieving strong athletic performance.

show abstract

The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female’ tennis players

Aku,

Yang

2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative age effect (RAE) has been the focus of numerous studies; however, there are still fewer studies in women’s sports than in men’s sports. In this study, all female players (N = 2,255) who participated in Chinese junior tennis competitions (U12, U14, U16, and the National Junior Team) from 2014 to 2019 were investigated in terms of competitors’ birth dates and year-end rankings. For the purposes of the analysis, the birth dates were also separated into quarters and half years. The study’s objectives were to analyze the prevalence of the RAE among young Chinese female tennis players and to further examine how the RAE affects athletic performance. Differences between the observed and expected distributions of birth dates were tested using the chi-square statistic, and subsequent calculations were tested using odds ratios. The RAE was discovered to be present in every group of Chinese junior female tennis players (p < 0.001), with the proportions of those born in the first half of the year being 56.4% (U12), 53.1% (U14), and 57.0% (U16), respectively. The RAE for athletes selected for the National Women’s Junior Tennis Team was even more significant, with the percentage of birth dates in the first half of the year at 61.2%. Finally, we observed a tendency for the effect of the RAE on the athletic performance of adolescent female tennis players to diminish with age.

show abstract

The relative age effect in under-17, under-20, and adult elite female soccer players

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Youth-to-senior transition in women’s and girls’ football: Towards a better understanding of relative age effects and gender-specific considerations

Youth-to-senior transition in women’s and girls’ football: Towards a better understanding of relative age effects and gender-specific considerations

The relative age effect among Chinese junior men’s tennis players and its impact on sports performance

The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female’ tennis players

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About