The relative aggregate footprint of electricity generation technologies in the European Union (EU): A system of systems approach

Ristić, Bora; Mahlooji, Maral; Gaudard, Ludovic; Madani, Kaveh

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.12.010

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This paper presents the first groundwater-energy-food (GEF) nexus study of Iran's agronomic crops based on national and provincial scale datasets and firsthand estimates of groundwater withdrawal in the agronomic sector. The interlinkages between food, energy, and water (FEW) are increasingly recognized in the fledgling FEW nexus literature [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], offering high-level insights into efficient resource use for FEW security. The GEF nexus poses a challenging, yet critical resource management problem that is present in different forms in many countries [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Groundwater‒Energy‒Food Nexus in Iran’s Agricultural Sector: Implications for Water Security

Mirzaei

Saghafian

Mirchi

et al. 2019

Water

Self Cite

104

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This paper presents the first groundwater‒energy‒food (GEF) nexus study of Iran’s agronomic crops based on national and provincial datasets and firsthand estimates of agricultural groundwater withdrawal. We use agronomic crop production, water withdrawal, and energy consumption data to estimate groundwater withdrawal from electric-powered irrigation wells and examine agronomic productivity in Iran’s 31 provinces through the lens of GEF nexus. The ex-post GEF analysis sheds light on some of the root causes of the nation’s worsening water shortage problems. Access to highly subsidized water (surface water and groundwater) and energy has been the backbone of agricultural expansion policies in Iran, supporting employment in agrarian communities. Consequently, water use for agronomic crop production has greatly overshot the renewable water supply capacity of the country, making water bankruptcy a serious national security threat. Significant groundwater table decline across the country and increasing energy consumption underscore dysfunctional feedback relations between agricultural water and energy price and groundwater withdrawal in an inefficient agronomic sector. Thus, it is essential to implement holistic policy reforms aimed at reducing agricultural water consumption to alleviate the looming water bankruptcy threats, which can lead to the loss of numerous agricultural jobs in the years to come.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Groundwater‒Energy‒Food Nexus in Iran’s Agricultural Sector: Implications for Water Security

Mirzaei

Saghafian

Mirchi

et al. 2019

Water

Self Cite

104

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“…For hydropower, the land footprint is 5-10 m 2 MWh −1 (1.39 × 10 −9 to 2.78 × 10 −9 m 2 J −1 ) [175]. The global average land footprint for solar photovoltaic (PV) power is currently very low (0.7-1.8 m 2 MWh −1 (1.94-5.00 × 10 −10 m 2 J −1 )), owing to solar energy being produced on rooftops and land that is unsuitable for cultivation or forest cover [179,180]. However, as market penetration is projected to increase, by 2050 the land footprint is likely to increase to 6-30 m 2 MW h −1 (1.67 × 10 −9 to 8.33×10 −9 m 2 J −1 ), depending on irradiance and latitude [181].…”

Section: Onshore Wind Hydropower Solar and Geothermal Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as market penetration is projected to increase, by 2050 the land footprint is likely to increase to 6-30 m 2 MW h −1 (1.67 × 10 −9 to 8.33×10 −9 m 2 J −1 ), depending on irradiance and latitude [181]. For geothermal schemes, the land footprint depends on the geothermal source, type of energy conversion used, power capacity, cooling system and location of wells, pipelines, substations and auxiliary buildings [182], but is estimated to be only 0.03-0.40 m 2 MW h −1 (0.92 × 10 −12 to 1.29 × 10 −10 m 2 J −1 ) [179,180], so can be considered to be negligible at the present time.…”

Section: Onshore Wind Hydropower Solar and Geothermal Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soils in provision of energy

Smith

Farmer

Smith

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Soils have both direct and indirect impacts on available energy, but energy provision, in itself, has direct and indirect impacts on soils. Burning peats provides only approximately 0.02% of global energy supply yet emits approximately 0.7–0.8% of carbon losses from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). Bioenergy crops provide approximately 0.3% of energy supply and occupy approximately 0.2–0.6% of harvested area. Increased bioenergy demand is likely to encourage switching from forests and pastures to rotational energy cropping, resulting in soil carbon loss. However, with protective policies, incorporation of residues from energy provision could sequester approximately 0.4% of LUCF carbon losses. All organic wastes available in 2018 could provide approximately 10% of global energy supply, but at a cost to soils of approximately 5% of LUCF carbon losses; not using manures avoids soil degradation but reduces energy provision to approximately 9%. Wind farms, hydroelectric solar and geothermal schemes provide approximately 3.66% of energy supply and occupy less than approximately 0.3% of harvested area, but if sited on peatlands could result in carbon losses that exceed reductions in fossil fuel emissions. To ensure renewable energy provision does not damage our soils, comprehensive policies and management guidelines are needed that (i) avoid peats, (ii) avoid converting permanent land uses (such as perennial grassland or forestry) to energy cropping, and (iii) return residues remaining from energy conversion processes to the soil. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

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“…In contrast to fossil electricity generation, solar PV produces electricity not at a few individual locations, but distributed throughout the country. Solar PV is also significantly more land-intensive than fossil generation units, in particular if the supply chain of fossil fuel production is neglected [7]. While solar PV can be generated on urban infrastructure, e.g., on rooftops, this potential is limited and costs are higher than for ground mounted PV [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatially Highly Resolved Ground Mounted and Rooftop Potential Analysis for Photovoltaics in Austria

Mikovits

Schauppenlehner

Scherhaufer

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Austria aims to meet 100% of its electricity demand from domestic renewable sources by 2030 which means, that an additional 27 TWh/a of renewable electricity generation are required, thereof 11 TWh/a from photovoltaic. While some federal states and municipalities released a solar rooftop cadastre, there is lacking knowledge on the estimation of the potential of both, ground mounted installations and rooftop modules, on a national level with a high spatial resolution. As a first, in this work data on agricultural land-use is combined with highly resolved data on buildings on a national level. Our results show significant differences between urban and rural areas, as well as between the Alpine regions and the Prealpine- and Easter Plain areas. Rooftop potential concentrates in the big urban areas, but also in densely populated areas in Lower- and Upper Austria, Styria and the Rhine valley of Vorarlberg. The ground mounted photovoltaic potential is highest in Eastern Austria. This potential is geographically consistent with the demand and allows for a production close to the consumer. In theory, the goal of meeting 11 TWh/a in 2030 can be achieved solely with the rooftop PV potential. However, considering the necessary installation efforts, the associated costs of small and dispersed production units and finally the inherent uncertainty with respect to the willingness of tens of thousands of individual households to install PV systems, installing the necessary solar PV on buildings alone is constrained.

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The relative aggregate footprint of electricity generation technologies in the European Union (EU): A system of systems approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

The Groundwater‒Energy‒Food Nexus in Iran’s Agricultural Sector: Implications for Water Security

The Groundwater‒Energy‒Food Nexus in Iran’s Agricultural Sector: Implications for Water Security

The role of soils in provision of energy

A Spatially Highly Resolved Ground Mounted and Rooftop Potential Analysis for Photovoltaics in Austria

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