The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Various Ionizing Radiations in Mammalian Systems

Storer, John B.; Harris, P.S.; Furchner, J.E.; Langham, W.H.

doi:10.2307/3570599

Cited by 133 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Another way to evaluate the action of ionizing radiation at the animal level is to study the organs of irradiated animals [4,8,16]. The values of splenic weight in Table 3 (also see Results) point out radioprotection due to Heparin treatment and seem to agree with the radioprotection in terms of increased life span discussed above.…”

Section: Electrophoretic Mobility (Epm)supporting

confidence: 64%

Radiobiological effect of Heparin in Swiss mice, Human Amnion cells andE. coli B/r irradiated with Co60 ?-rays

Chaubal

Godbole

1983

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The radiobiological action of Heparin was investigated using the test systems E. Coli B/r, Human Amnion (HA) cells and Swiss mice. The Heparin treatment of these systems effected following changes in their response towards irradiation with Co60 gamma-rays: (a) more sensitization of E. coli B/r in hypoxic than in oxic condition, (b) no significant modification for HA cells in oxic condition but their sensitization under hypoxia, (c) larger recovery of anodic electrophoretic mobility of irradiated HA cells, (d) increased life span and smaller reduction in the splenic and thymus weights of irradiated Swiss mice. It seems, therefore, that Heparin, a natural molecule of animal world, possesses the potentiality to modify radiation response of living systems and may find useful application in radiation therapy.

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Section: Electrophoretic Mobility (Epm)supporting

confidence: 64%

Radiobiological effect of Heparin in Swiss mice, Human Amnion cells andE. coli B/r irradiated with Co60 ?-rays

Chaubal

Godbole

1983

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…While this problem has been recognized for a long time (16), it remains a significant problem and may help to explain the widely differing RBE values for neutrons and HZE particles. This is less of a problem for protons at high energies (1 GeV) that produce a relatively homogeneous dose distribution in tissue because the dose deposited is from the relatively flat, “plateau” portion of the depth–dose curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Proton Radiation Dose, Dose Rate and Dose Fractionation on Hematopoietic Cells in Mice

et al. 2010

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The present study evaluated the acute effects of radiation dose, dose rate and fractionation as well as the energy of protons in hematopoietic cells of irradiated mice. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 51.24 MeV protons at a dose of 2 Gy and a dose rate of 0.05–0.07 Gy/min or 1 GeV protons at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 Gy delivered in a single dose at dose rates of 0.05 or 0.5 Gy/min or in five daily dose fractions at a dose rate of 0.05 Gy/min. Sham-irradiated animals were used as controls. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent loss of white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes by up to 61% and 72%, respectively, in mice irradiated with protons at doses up to 2 Gy. The results also demonstrate that the dose rate, fractionation pattern and energy of the proton radiation did not have significant effects on WBC and lymphocyte counts in the irradiated animals. These results suggest that the acute effects of proton radiation on WBC and lymphocyte counts are determined mainly by the radiation dose, with very little contribution from the dose rate (over the range of dose rates evaluated), fractionation and energy of the protons.

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“…The greater the latent period (time interval following irradiation exposure at which response is measured), the less effective Co60 y-rays appeared to be than 250 kVp X-rays. The postulations of B L A I R , (~"~~) recently discussed by STORER et uZ., (14) may be applicable here. It has been suggested by BLAIR that two types of radiation damage occur-reparable and irreparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Relative Biological Effectiveness of Co60 γ-radiation for Various Responses in Mice

Kereiakes¹,

Miraglia²

1961

Health Physics

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lhe biological effectiveness of cobalt-60 y-irradiation relative to 250 kVp X-irradiation for six different responses in CF, mice was found to be: 30-day lethality, 0.79 f 0.06; mean survival time, 0.79 0.04; body weight loss, 0.80 f 0.04; intestinal weight loss, 1.00; splenic weight loss, 1.00 f 0.06; and testicular weight loss, 0.63 f 0.06. The RBE for intestinal weight loss varied with the level of the effect resulting in an average RBE determined for this response. Possible considerations for the observed differences in RBE are discussed. Z I R K L E~~) and BoAG(~) have published excellent review articles on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of various ionizing radiations. Early experiments with mammals relied mainly on lethality as a biologic end-point. Since the radiosensitivity of certain organs and portions of the body varies considerably, it seemed advisable that a number of responses other than lethality be studied. Such studies would indicate the role of the specific organ or portion of the body in the over-all observed effect. These values for relative biological effectiveness would help facilitate decisions of permissible exposure of other mammals, including humans, to various ionizing radiations.The experiments reported here evaluate the relative biological effectiveness of cobalt-60 y-irradiation and 250 kVp X-irradiation for the following responses in CF, mice: 30-day lethality; mean survival time; body weight loss; intestinal, splenic and testicular weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe cobalt-60 y-rays and 250 kVp X-rays used have approximate linear energy transfer (LET) values of 0.3 keV/p and 3.0 keV/p, respectively.X-rays were delivered by a General ElectricMaxitron Unit operated at 250 kVp, 15 mA, 4.75 mm Be inherent filtration, 1 mm A1 + 0.5 mm Cu added filtration, HVL 1.1 mm Cu, and tube targetsample distance of 50 cm. y-Rays (1.17 and 1.33 MeV energy) were supplied by a 1000 c cobalt-60 unit. HVL of radiation is 12 mm Pb and tube target-sample distance of 47 cm was used. Dose rates of 81 rads/min and 63 rads/min, measured with a 100 r Victoreen ionization chamber placed in a paraffin phantom located at the center of the lucite cage (6 in. diameter), were found for the X-rays and C060 y-rays, respectively. The roentgen dose was converted to rads by assuming that 1 r is equivalent to 0.96 rad for X-rays and 0.98 rad for Co60 y-rays. The 6 m m thick lucite cage cover was more than sufficient to provide electronic equilibrium for the y-dose measurements. Adult female and male (used only for the testicular weight loss study) CF, mice, weighing 21-23 g, were used. The mice were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for at least 2 weeks prior to use. Prior to and following irradiation exposure, the mice were fed water and Purina Laboratory Chow ad libitum.The mice were irradiated ten at a time in a shallow lucite cage. Radiation exposure was unilateral to dorsal surface in all cases.The biological responses measured must be of a type which respond more or less quantitatively with dose ...

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The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Various Ionizing Radiations in Mammalian Systems

Cited by 133 publications

References 50 publications

Radiobiological effect of Heparin in Swiss mice, Human Amnion cells andE. coli B/r irradiated with Co60 ?-rays

Radiobiological effect of Heparin in Swiss mice, Human Amnion cells andE. coli B/r irradiated with Co60 ?-rays

Effects of Proton Radiation Dose, Dose Rate and Dose Fractionation on Hematopoietic Cells in Mice

Relative Biological Effectiveness of Co60 γ-radiation for Various Responses in Mice

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