The Relative Concentration of Solids in the Nucleolus, Nucleus, and Cytoplasm of the Developing Nerve Cell of the Chick

Merriam, R. W.; Koch, William E.

doi:10.1083/jcb.7.1.151

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The much denser nucleolus than other cell compartments is consistent with published measurements of cellular mass density by refractive index (Kim and Guck, 2020). The cellular mass density (the sum of protein and lipid density) ratio of these three compartments was around 1:0.85:1.05 (Supplementary Figure S2), close to the 1:0.8: 1.2 ratio found in chick nerve cells originally measured by interference microscopy (Merriam and Koch, 1960). Merriam et al found that the ratio was constant during chick embryo development.…”

Section: Protein Densities Are Maintained In Tight Ranges In Each Of ...supporting

confidence: 89%

The uniformity and stability of cellular mass density in mammalian cell culture

Liu

Kirschner

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell dry mass is principally determined by the sum of biosynthesis and degradation. Measurable change in dry mass occurs on a time scale of hours. By contrast, cell volume can change in minutes by altering the osmotic conditions. How changes in dry mass and volume are coupled is a fundamental question in cell size control. If cell volume were proportional to cell dry mass during growth, the cell would always maintain the same cellular mass density, defined as cell dry mass dividing by cell volume. The accuracy and stability against perturbation of this proportionality has never been stringently tested. Normalized Raman Imaging (NoRI), can measure both protein and lipid dry mass density directly. Using this new technique, we have been able to investigate the stability of mass density in response to pharmaceutical and physiological perturbations in three cultured mammalian cell lines. We find a remarkably narrow mass density distribution within cells, that is, significantly tighter than the variability of mass or volume distribution. The measured mass density is independent of the cell cycle. We find that mass density can be modulated directly by extracellular osmolytes or by disruptions of the cytoskeleton. Yet, mass density is surprisingly resistant to pharmacological perturbations of protein synthesis or protein degradation, suggesting there must be some form of feedback control to maintain the homeostasis of mass density when mass is altered. By contrast, physiological perturbations such as starvation or senescence induce significant shifts in mass density. We have begun to shed light on how and why cell mass density remains fixed against some perturbations and yet is sensitive during transitions in physiological state.

show abstract

Section: Protein Densities Are Maintained In Tight Ranges In Each Of ...supporting

confidence: 89%

The uniformity and stability of cellular mass density in mammalian cell culture

Liu

Kirschner

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The chicken trigeminal ganglion II. Fine structure of the neurons during development,

Gaik

Farbman

1973

Journal of Morphology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A morphological study of the developing chick trigeminal ganglion was done. For descriptive convenience, four stages of development have been defined: Phase I (2 to 4 days of incubation) -Both the neural crest and epidermal placode contribute to the forming trigeminal ganglion, which is comprised of clusters of undifferentiated cells and primitive neuroblasts. Toward the end of this phase, satellite cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers are seen.Phase I1 (5 to 10 days of incubation) -In the lateral portion of the ganglion, large differentiating neuroblasts and young bipolar and pseudounipolar neurons were present. The latter were characterized by a large, eccentrically located nucleus at one pole, a long axonal process at the opposite pole, and a clear centrosphere region between the two. In the medial region of the ganglion, most of the neurons were smaller and more closely packed together. Phase I11 (11 to 17 days of incubation)-The ganglion was constituted of bipolar and pseudounipolar cells with an apparently random distribution of small and large neurons. Nissl bodies appeared in developing neurons. Phase IV (18 days of incubation to 3 weeks post-hatching) -Light and dark neurons first made their appearance. Dark neurons were characterized by (1) clear perinuclear cytoplasm containing a Golgi apparatus, vesicles and mitochondria and (2) a peripheral cytoplasm of densely packed stacks of Nissl substance. Light neurons contained individual clumps of Nissl substance distributed in a pale cytoplasmic matrix.In a series of elegant experiments, Hamburger ('61) demonstrated that the trigeminal ganglion of the chick has a dual origin from cranial neural crest and from placodal head ectoderm. He showed that in the 6-to 11-day chick embryo the ganglion is composed of two cell populations, a mediodorsal group of small cells with poor affinity for silver and a ventrolateral group of large cells with a strong argyrophilia. In order to demonstrate the separate origin of the two cell types, Hamburger performed ablation experiments in two groups of younger embryos, aged 40-48 hours. In one group, he extirpated the rostral medulla, thus effectively removing most of the cranial neural crest. In the other group, he removed a strip of head ectoderm anterior to the otocyst, thus effectively removing the presumptive placodal contribution to the ganglia. Examination of the embryos six to seven days after operation revealed that the ganglia forming in the first group (rostral medulla removed) contained almost exclusively J. MORPH., 141: 57-76, large neurons, with a strong affinity for silver, and cytologically identical to the large neurons in normal ganglia from 6-to 11-day embryos. Conversely, in the experimental group from which strips of placodal ectoderm had been removed, Hamburger found the majority of the cells were small neurons with poor affinity for silver and only a few large cells were present. He suggested the few large cells present had originated from placodal ectoderm, which had regenerated after surgery. Rec...

show abstract

Modification of development in isolated dorsal root ganglia by nutritional and physical factors

Peterson

Murray

1960

Developmental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Relative Concentration of Solids in the Nucleolus, Nucleus, and Cytoplasm of the Developing Nerve Cell of the Chick

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

The uniformity and stability of cellular mass density in mammalian cell culture

The uniformity and stability of cellular mass density in mammalian cell culture

The chicken trigeminal ganglion II. Fine structure of the neurons during development,

Modification of development in isolated dorsal root ganglia by nutritional and physical factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About