The Relative Contribution of Economic Valence to Contingency Management Efficacy: A Pilot Study

Howard, Joni T.

doi:10.1901/jaba.2008.41-629

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Using this approach, we found that participants worked less for cocaine in the $3-equivalent conditions than $1 condition. Several studies that evaluated effects of schedules of reinforcement on behavior maintained by nicotine (Roll et al, 1996; Roll and Higgins, 2000; Roll and Howard, 2008) and methamphetamine (Roll and Shoptaw, 2006) found that escalating schedules of non-drug reinforcement reduce drug choice to a greater extent than fixed schedules. Together, these studies confirm that economic gain reduces drug-maintained responding not only as a function of magnitude, but also when effort required to earn the economic reinforcer escalates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of experimental analogs of contingency management treatment on cocaine seeking behavior

Greenwald

Ledgerwood

Lundahl

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Contingency management (CM) treatment is effective for treating cocaine dependence but further mechanistic studies of its efficacy are warranted. This study aimed to determine whether: (a) higher vs. lower predictable money amounts ($3 vs. $1; analogs of standard voucher-based CM) increase cocaine demand elasticity; and (b) probabilistic amounts matched for expected value with the $3-predictable amount (50% chance of $6; 25% chance of $12; and 12.5% chance of $24; analogs of prize CM) similarly affect cocaine choice. Methods Each of 15 cocaine-dependent participants first completed a qualifying session to ensure that intranasal cocaine functioned as a reinforcer, then completed a 10-session, within-subject, randomized crossover study. During each of the 10 sessions, the participant responded on a progressive ratio schedule to earn units of cocaine (5-mg or 10-mg) and/or money (five monetary conditions above). Results During the reinforcement qualifying session (10-mg vs. 0-mg units; no money alternative), cocaine choice was high. The $3-predictable amount significantly decreased cocaine choice relative to both the $1-predictable amount and the qualifying session. Cocaine-choices in the probabilistic conditions were similar to the $3 predictable condition. Conclusions These findings indicate that CM interventions targeted at reducing cocaine self-administration are more likely to succeed with higher value non-drug reinforcement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of experimental analogs of contingency management treatment on cocaine seeking behavior

Greenwald

Ledgerwood

Lundahl

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…First, basic and applied research has shown that punitive consequences produce side effects, including avoidance of the context in which the punishment occurs and/or the individuals who are administering consequences 136,137. Thus, in the context of an incentive-based intervention for healthy behavior, fines or other punitive consequences may have a negative impact on patients’ relationships with treatment providers or may cause patients to disengage with treatment 138–140. Second, unlike rewards, which are often most effective when delivered intermittently, punitive consequences should be delivered following each occurrence of unhealthy behavior to ensure efficacy 141,142.…”

Section: Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ABCs of incentive-based treatment in health care: a behavior analytic framework to inform research and practice

Meredith¹,

Jarvis²,

Raiff³

et al. 2014

PRBM

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Behavior plays an important role in health promotion. Exercise, smoking cessation, medication adherence, and other healthy behavior can help prevent, or even treat, some diseases. Consequently, interventions that promote healthy behavior have become increasingly common in health care settings. Many of these interventions award incentives contingent upon preventive health-related behavior. Incentive-based interventions vary considerably along several dimensions, including who is targeted in the intervention, which behavior is targeted, and what type of incentive is used. More research on the quantitative and qualitative features of many of these variables is still needed to inform treatment. However, extensive literature on basic and applied behavior analytic research is currently available to help guide the study and practice of incentive-based treatment in health care. In this integrated review, we discuss how behavior analytic research and theory can help treatment providers design and implement incentive-based interventions that promote healthy behavior.

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“…Please see Table 1 for incentive schedule. The value of incentives for both attendance and abstinence escalated incrementally to encourage both study retention and achievement of longer periods of continuous abstinence (Roll and Howard, 2008; Roll and Shoptaw, 2006). Participants were told that they would revert to the initial attendance payment level ($5) following a missed study visit and that they would be discontinued from the study if abstinence was not confirmed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contingency management method for 30-days abstinence in non-treatment seeking young adult cannabis users

Schuster

Hanly

Gilman

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Rates of young adult cannabis use are rising, perceived harm is at its historical nadir, and most users do not want to quit. Most studies evaluating effects of cannabis use in young adults are cross-sectional, limiting causal inference. A method to reliably induce abstinence periods in cannabis users would allow assessment of the effects of abstinence and resumption of use on a variety of outcomes in a within subjects, repeated measure design. Methods We examined the efficacy and feasibility of a voucher-based contingency management procedure for incentivizing one month of continuous cannabis abstinence among young adults who reported at least weekly cannabis use, volunteered to participate in a laboratory study, and did not express desire to discontinue cannabis use long-term. Continuous cannabis abstinence was reinforced with an escalating incentive schedule, and self-report of abstinence was confirmed by frequent quantitative assays of urine cannabis metabolite (THCCOOH) concentration. New cannabis use during the abstinence period was determined using an established algorithm of change in creatinine-adjusted cannabis metabolite concentration between study visits. Results Thirty-eight young adults, aged 18–25, enrolled and 34 (89.5%) attained biochemically confirmed 30-day abstinence. Among those who attained abstinence, 93.9% resumed regular use within two-weeks of incentive discontinuation. Conclusion Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of contingency management to elicit short-term, continuous cannabis abstinence among young adult, non-treatment-seeking, regular cannabis users. Further work should test the effectiveness of this CM procedure for cannabis abstinence periods longer than one month, which may be required to evaluate some effects of abstinence.

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The Relative Contribution of Economic Valence to Contingency Management Efficacy: A Pilot Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of experimental analogs of contingency management treatment on cocaine seeking behavior

Effect of experimental analogs of contingency management treatment on cocaine seeking behavior

The ABCs of incentive-based treatment in health care: a behavior analytic framework to inform research and practice

A contingency management method for 30-days abstinence in non-treatment seeking young adult cannabis users

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