The relative effect of nature and nurture influences on twin differences.

Holzinger, Karl J.

doi:10.1037/h0072484

Cited by 216 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…The total proportion of variance due to genetic causes is thus 69%, a heritability somewhat lower than the 80-90% found in earlier studies [1,14] employing Holzinger'S [6] classical analysis oftwin data. Rao et al [12] found evidence for a Significant family environment component for height accounting for about 20% of the variance (in a Brazilian population) although their model explicitly excluded assortative mating and dominance.…”

Section: Heightmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sex Differences in the Inheritance of Some Anthropometric Characters in Twins

Clarke

Jardine

Martin

et al. 1980

Acta genet. med. gemellol.: twin res.

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Biometrical genetical techniques have been applied to the analysis of certain anthropometric characters measured in 134 pairs of adult twins. After allowing for assortative mating it appears that there is a family environment (E2 ) component for variation in height larger than previously reported. "Fatness" traits -weight, ponderal index, and skinfold thickness -all show higher heritabilities in males and substantial Ez components in females, and reasons for this are discussed. The same is true for cephalic index and forearm length but the reason for these differences is not so obvious. Head length shows a much higher heritability than head breadth. A larger sample of DZ opposite-sex pairs would allow more powerful discrimination, but the variety of patterns of variation revealed by the modelfitting approach used here justify its use over more traditional techniques.

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Section: Heightmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sex Differences in the Inheritance of Some Anthropometric Characters in Twins

Clarke

Jardine

Martin

et al. 1980

Acta genet. med. gemellol.: twin res.

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“…As a broad estimate of heritability, we calculated the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the MZ and DZ twin pairs, and then calculated heritability estimates using the Holzinger's heritability equation: h 2 or A = 2(ICC MZ -ICC DZ ) (Holzinger, 1929; also sometimes referred to as 'Falconer's estimate'). The estimates for common environment (C) and unique environment (E) were also calculated using derivatives of this formula: C = ICC MZ -A; E = 1 -ICC MZ .…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TWIN-E Project in Emotional Wellbeing: Study Protocol and Preliminary Heritability Results Across Four MRI and DTI Measures

et al. 2012

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Despite the significant advancements being made in the neurogenetics for mental health, the identification and validation of potential endophenotype markers of risk and resilience remain to be confirmed. The TWIN-E study (The Twin study in Wellbeing using Integrative Neuroscience of Emotion) aims to validate endophenotype markers of mental health across cognitive, brain, and autonomic measures by testing the heritability, clinical plausibility, and reliability of each of these measures in a large adult twin cohort. The specific gene and environmental mechanisms that moderate prospective links between endophenotypephenotype markers and the final outcome of wellbeing will also be identified. TWIN-E is a national prospective study with three phases: I) baseline testing on a battery of online questionnaires and cognitive tasks, and EEG, MRI, and autonomic testing; II) 12-month follow-up testing on the online assessments; and III) randomized controlled trial of brain training. Minimum target numbers include 1,500 male/female twins (18-65 years) for the online assessments (Phase I and II), 300 twins for the EEG testing component, and 244 twins for the MRI testing component. For Phase III, each twin out of the pair will be randomized to either the treatment or waitlist control group to test the effects of brain training on mental health over a 30-day period, and to confirm the gene-environment and endophenotype contributions to treatment response. Preliminary heritability results are provided for the first 50% of the MRI subgroup (n = 142) for the grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area measures, and white matter diffuse tensor imaging fractional anisotropy.

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“…(The latter had cited Merriman's (1924) work approvingly.) Holzinger (1929) presented expressions that, while not statistically sound, did provide an early attempt at deriving something like the usual heritability, that is, the proportion of total phenotypic variance attributable to genetical causation. As late as 1936, r MZ and r DZ were being presented without any notion of combination or further estimation (e.g., Fukuoka, 1936).…”

Section: The Twin Methods As Originally Proposed For Quantitative Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work was of course conducted, like hundreds of small twin studies, before Martin et al (1978) showed unequivocally how imprecise such studies were likely to be. Jinks and Fulker (1970) in a thorough comparison of different approaches to the analysis of quantitative twin data (which showed, for example, the conceptual errors in tools like Holzinger's (1929) 'heritability'), advocated an analytic approach which would avoid the most obvious errors of inference arising from naïve application of formulae such as those of Holzinger and Falconer.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Zygositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Research on Human Genetics Using the Twin Method: Who Really Invented the Method?

Mayo¹

2009

Twin Res Hum Genet

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T he twin method consists of a formal comparison between the resemblance between identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins and the resemblance between fraternal (dizygotic, DZ) twins for some trait of interest. It was developed between 1900 and about 1940, as more accurate tools for diagnosis of zygosity and for statistically analyzing the resemblance between relatives were built. Its early use was in the demonstration that a trait was inherited or that part of the causation of a trait was genetical, but it has now evolved to the point that twin registries constitute an important resource for the identification of specific genes and their interactions both with other genes and with the internal and external environment. Who really invented the method is still an unsettled question, which this article explores.

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The relative effect of nature and nurture influences on twin differences.

Cited by 216 publications

References 0 publications

Sex Differences in the Inheritance of Some Anthropometric Characters in Twins

Sex Differences in the Inheritance of Some Anthropometric Characters in Twins

The TWIN-E Project in Emotional Wellbeing: Study Protocol and Preliminary Heritability Results Across Four MRI and DTI Measures

Early Research on Human Genetics Using the Twin Method: Who Really Invented the Method?

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