The relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation for speciation in anoles

Thorpe, Roger S.; Surget‐Groba, Yann; Johansson, Helena

doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0077

Cited by 77 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Understanding geographical and ecological factors in divergence and speciation is one of most challenging tasks in evolutionary biology (Thorpe et al 2008;Wang and Summers 2010). Theoretically, recent diverged taxa are generally involved in ecological niche divergence (Wiens and Graham 2005), as niche conservatism could promote speciation by limiting dispersal between populations and/or species (Coyne and Orr 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical or ecological divergence between the parapatric species Ephedra sinica and E. intermedia?

et al. 2016

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Understanding the factors that contribute to population genetic structures and ecological niche divergence is crucial for elucidating the biogeographical history and speciation of plants. To disentangle the present phylogeographical patterns and evolutionary history of two closely related parapatric species from Ephedra (Ephedra sinica and E. intermedia), we systematically profiled their population genetic structures, niche divergence and potential speciation processes based on sequence variation of four chloroplast DNA fragments and climate-based ecological niche modelling (ENM). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that E. sinica formed a monophyly which was nested in E. intermedia. The latter species formed two paraphyletic subclades, corresponding to Western and Eastern lineages. Furthermore, the phylogeographical analysis results indicated very significant inter-and intraspecies genetic differentiation, and BEAST inference suggested that E. sinica diverged from E. intermedia at 3.20 million years ago (Ma; 95 % HPD: 2.05-8.10 Ma), while the Western lineage of E. intermedia diverged much earlier at 6.10 Ma (95 % HPD: 4.10-11.82 Ma). In addition, niche identity tests performed using MaxEnt strongly supported the hypothesis that the two sister species had significantly diverged on their ecological niches. Isolation by geographical and environment distance (IBD and IBE) tests suggested that the overall divergence of the populations from the two species were more influenced by environmental factors. Our data provide new insight into the ecological speciation of Ephedra and also provides molecular evidence for the identification and genetic conservation of these important pharmaceutical plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical or ecological divergence between the parapatric species Ephedra sinica and E. intermedia?

et al. 2016

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“…Just two colonizations of the Caribbean islands have resulted in 150 species, so they may be thought of as exemplifying allopatric speciation in island archipelagos [11]–[14], [18], [20]. These anole radiations appear to have inhabited the Lesser Antilles since the origin of the younger island arc, or just before (i.e circa 8–9 mybp) with a southern and a northern series [21]. On what is currently recognized as the island of Martinique (southern series), the paraphyletic anole Anolis roquet has deep phylogeographic divisions, with Anolis extremus from Barbados nested within it [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Tests for Ecological and Allopatric Speciation in Anoles on an Island Archipelago

2010

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From Darwin's study of the Galapagos and Wallace's study of Indonesia, islands have played an important role in evolutionary investigations, and radiations within archipelagos are readily interpreted as supporting the conventional view of allopatric speciation. Even during the ongoing paradigm shift towards other modes of speciation, island radiations, such as the Lesser Antillean anoles, are thought to exemplify this process. Geological and molecular phylogenetic evidence show that, in this archipelago, Martinique anoles provide several examples of secondary contact of island species. Four precursor island species, with up to 8 mybp divergence, met when their islands coalesced to form the current island of Martinique. Moreover, adjacent anole populations also show marked adaptation to distinct habitat zonation, allowing both allopatric and ecological speciation to be tested in this system. We take advantage of this opportunity of replicated island coalescence and independent ecological adaptation to carry out an extensive population genetic study of hypervariable neutral nuclear markers to show that even after these very substantial periods of spatial isolation these putative allospecies show less reproductive isolation than conspecific populations in adjacent habitats in all three cases of subsequent island coalescence. The degree of genetic interchange shows that while there is always a significant genetic signature of past allopatry, and this may be quite strong if the selection regime allows, there is no case of complete allopatric speciation, in spite of the strong primae facie case for it. Importantly there is greater genetic isolation across the xeric/rainforest ecotone than is associated with any secondary contact. This rejects the development of reproductive isolation in allopatric divergence, but supports the potential for ecological speciation, even though full speciation has not been achieved in this case. It also explains the paucity of anole species in the Lesser Antilles compared to the Greater Antilles.

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“…Rather, considering both theory and empirical evidence, a potential role of nonadaptive radiation by drift will still apply to all species occurring in effectively isolated (allopatric) populations, especially if these are permanently or temporarily small ( Wright 1948;Slatkin 1985). Yet, despite allopatric speciation being widely considered as the most common geographical mode (Barraclough & Vogler 2000;Turelli et al 2001;Coyne & Orr 2004), and notwithstanding an expanding literature on the joint roles of allopatry and ecology in speciation (Schluter 2000;Ogden & Thorpe 2002;Wiens 2004;Kozak & Wiens 2006;Thorpe et al 2008), the relationship between geographical isolation, drift, phenotypic differentiation and reproductive isolation remains poorly understood in 'non-ecological speciation' (sensu Schluter 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, if our inferred times and orders of Cycladia population splitting are correct, and barring insufficient population sampling, N. degenii must have dispersed to Santorin shortly before the Paros/Naxos mega-island broke up (ca 9 ka). In turn, this would raise the intriguing possibility that the massive eruption of the Thera volcano in the mid-second millennium BC (Heiken & McCoy 1984) did not eradicate N. degenii on Santorin (see Thorpe et al 2008, for a similar scenario in Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards).…”

Section: Incipient Speciation In the Cycladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant speciation in continental island floras as exemplified byNigellain the Aegean Archipelago

Comes

Tribsch

Bittkau

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Continental shelf island systems, created by rising sea levels, provide a premier setting for studying the effects of geographical isolation on non-adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation brought about by genetic drift. The Aegean Archipelago forms a highly fragmented complex of mostly continental shelf islands that have become disconnected from each other and the mainland in relatively recent geological times (ca !5.2 Ma). These ecologically fairly homogenous islands thus provide a suitable biogeographic context for assessing the relative influences of past range fragmentation, colonization, gene flow and drift on taxon diversification. Indeed, recent molecular biogeographic studies on the Aegean Nigella arvensis complex, combining phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population level approaches, exemplify the importance of allopatry and genetic drift coupled with restricted gene flow in driving plant speciation in this continental archipelago at different temporal and spatial scales. While the recent (Late Pleistocene) radiation of Aegean Nigella, as well as possible instances of incipient speciation (in the Cyclades), is shown to be strongly conditioned by (palaeo)geographic factors (including changes in sea level), shifts in breeding system (selfing) and associated isolating mechanisms have also contributed to this radiation. By contrast, founder event speciation has probably played only a minor role, perhaps reflecting a migratory situation typical for continental archipelagos characterized by niche pre-emption because of a long established resident flora. Overall, surveys of neutral molecular markers in Aegean Nigella have so far revealed population genetic processes that conform remarkably well to predictions raised by genetic drift theory. The challenge is now to gain more direct insights into the relative importance of the role of genetic drift, as opposed to natural selection, in the phenotypic and reproductive divergence among these Aegean plant species.

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The relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation for speciation in anoles

Cited by 77 publications

References 70 publications

Geographical or ecological divergence between the parapatric species Ephedra sinica and E. intermedia?

Geographical or ecological divergence between the parapatric species Ephedra sinica and E. intermedia?

Genetic Tests for Ecological and Allopatric Speciation in Anoles on an Island Archipelago

Plant speciation in continental island floras as exemplified byNigellain the Aegean Archipelago

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