The Relative Importance of High Temperature and High Humidity as Factors Influencing Respiration Rate, Body Temperature, and Pulse Rate of Dairy Cows

Seath, D.M.; Miller, Gary D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(46)92502-7

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…(Brown-Brandl et al 2004). Experiments showed that ambient temperature is the major atmospheric influence on body temperatures and respiratory rate under most hot conditions in the southeastern US, with solar radiation, vapor pressure, and air movement generally following in order of importance (Seath and Miller 1946;Shrode et al 1960).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental factors affecting feed intake of steers in different housing systems in the summer

et al. 2007

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A total of 188 yearling steers of predominantly Angus and Hereford breeds, with mean body weight of 299 kg, were used in this study, which started on 8 April and finished on 3 October, to assess the effects of environmental factors on feed intake of steers in various housing systems. Housing consisted of outside lots with access to overhead shelter, outside lots with no overhead shelter and a cold confinement building. Ad libitum corn, 2.27 kg of 35% dry matter whole plant sorghum silage and 0.68 kg of a 61% protein-vitamin-mineral supplement was offered. Feed that was not consumed was measured to determine feed intake. The temperature data were recorded by hygro-thermographs. Hourly temperatures and humidity were used to develop weather variables. Regression analysis was used and weather variables were regressed on dry matter intake (DMI). When addition of a new variable did not improve R (2) more than one unit, then the number of variables in the model was truncated. Cattle in confinement had lower DMI than those in open lots and those in open lots with access to an overhead shelter (P < 0.05). Cattle in outside lots with access to overhead shelter had similar DMI compared to those in open lots (P = 0.065). Effect of heat was predominantly displayed in August in the three housing systems. In terms of explaining variation in DMI, in outside lots with access to overhead shelter, average and daytime temperatures were important factors, whereas in open lots, nocturnal, peak and average temperatures were important factors. In confinement buildings, the previous day's temperature and humidity index were the most important factors explaining variation in DMI. Results show the effect of housing and weather variables on DMI in summer and when considering these results, cattle producers wishing to improve cattle feedlot performance should consider housing conditions providing less stress or more comfort.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental factors affecting feed intake of steers in different housing systems in the summer

et al. 2007

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“…Body temperature is also affected by physiological state as the body temperature of lactating cows appears to be more influenced by elevated ambient temperature than non-lactating pregnant cows (Lefcourt and Schmidtmann, 1989). Breed differences in body temperature are also a possibility as previous studies have also indicated that Holsteins have both a higher body temperature and respiration rate in summer than other breeds such as Jersey and Brown Swiss (Seath and Miller, 1946;Harris et al, 1960;Correa-Calderon et al, 2004). A possible reason for this is that Holstein cows have higher milk Livestock Science 125 (2009) [155][156][157][158][159][160] production which is associated with higher metabolic heat production (Berman et al, 1985;Kadzere et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Season and physiological status affects the circadian body temperature rhythm of dairy cows

2009

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“…57: [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491] 2011) griculturally-important females exposed to environmental heat stress experience reduced fertility [1][2][3][4]. In cattle, this is largely due to hyperthermia [5][6][7] whereby rectal temperatures may reach or exceed 41 C [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. Effects of environmental heat stress to reduce female fertility are pronounced during or near estrus [13][14][15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Heat Stress Exposure During Meiotic Maturation on Oocyte, Surrounding Cumulus Cell, and Embryo RNA Populations

et al. 2011

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Abstract. To determine if reductions in developmental competence related to heat stress exposure were correlated with perturbations in certain RNA populations, poly(A) RNA, total RNA, RNA size distribution, and the abundance of transcripts (cyclin B1, GDF9, BMP15, poly(A) polymerase, HSP70, 18S & 28S rRNA) were examined in oocytes matured at 38.5 or 41 C. Performing in vitro fertilization resulted in embryos for examining RNA. Relative to germinal vesiclestage oocytes, total amount of poly(A) RNA decreased similarly in oocytes matured at 38.5 or 41 C. Total RNA did not change during meiotic maturation or up through the 4 to 8-cell stage of embryonic development. Blastocyst-stage embryos had more total RNA; those originating from heat-stressed oocytes had more than those from nonheat-stressed oocytes. Oocytes and 4 to 8-cell embryos had similar RIN values and ratios for rRNA, 18S/fast region, and 18S/inter region. Values obtained for blastocyst-stage embryos were similar to those obtained for cumulus cell RNA, which did not change during maturation. Culture at 41 C for the first 12 h of meiotic maturation had no impact on RNA size distribution or transcripts examined from oocytes, surrounding cumulus or resultant 4 to 8-cell embryos. Interestingly, however, RNA from blastocysts originating from heat-stressed oocytes had lower 18S/fast region and 18S/inter region ratios compared to other developmental stages and cumulus cells. Although biological significance of these RNA changes is unclear, differences at the molecular level in embryos from heat-stressed oocytes emphasize the importance of minimizing stress exposure during meiotic maturation, if the intent is to obtain developmentally-competent embryos. Key words: Cumulus, Heat stress, Microcapillary electrophoresis, Oocyte, RNA (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491] 2011) griculturally-important females exposed to environmental heat stress experience reduced fertility [1][2][3][4]. In cattle, this is largely due to hyperthermia [5][6][7] whereby rectal temperatures may reach or exceed 41 C [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. Effects of environmental heat stress to reduce female fertility are pronounced during or near estrus [13][14][15]. This corresponds to the time period when the female is receptive to mating and the oocyte within the Graafian follicle resumes meiosis and progresses to metaphase II (MII; meiotic maturation) in preparation for fertilization. Hyperthermia during this time has been associated with reductions in early embryonic development [16] and increases in embryonic loss near the time of placental attachment [17].The negative impact of hyperthermia during estrus may be attributable to indirect effects on the maternal environment [reviewed by 18] and/or due to direct effects on the cumulus-oocyte complex. Direct exposure of the cumulus-oocyte complex to 41 C during meiotic maturation reduces early embryo development after fertilization by 30 to 65% [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] similar to consequences observed when e...

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The Relative Importance of High Temperature and High Humidity as Factors Influencing Respiration Rate, Body Temperature, and Pulse Rate of Dairy Cows

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Environmental factors affecting feed intake of steers in different housing systems in the summer

Environmental factors affecting feed intake of steers in different housing systems in the summer

Season and physiological status affects the circadian body temperature rhythm of dairy cows

Impact of Heat Stress Exposure During Meiotic Maturation on Oocyte, Surrounding Cumulus Cell, and Embryo RNA Populations

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