The Relative Importance of the Deep and Superficial Vascular Systems for Delay of the Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap as Demonstrated in a Rat Model

Sano, Kazufumi; Hallock, Geoffrey G.; Rice, David C.

doi:10.1097/00006534-200203000-00042

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…24 Sano et al found that the ligation of contralateral SIEVs is more effective than the ligation of contralateral DIEVs (93.84% Ϯ 5.85% vs. 72.17% Ϯ 11.27%) before TRAM flap elevation. 27 They also stated that ligation of contralateral SIEVs (93.84% Ϯ 5.85%) and ipsilateral (89.35% Ϯ 6.92%) or bilateral DIEVs (89.06% Ϯ 11.56%) resulted in significantly greater flap survival than other groups. 27 Clinically, an inferior incision and a bilateral deep inferior epigastric vessel ligation before TRAM flap elevation have been used in a high-risk patient population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 They also stated that ligation of contralateral SIEVs (93.84% Ϯ 5.85%) and ipsilateral (89.35% Ϯ 6.92%) or bilateral DIEVs (89.06% Ϯ 11.56%) resulted in significantly greater flap survival than other groups. 27 Clinically, an inferior incision and a bilateral deep inferior epigastric vessel ligation before TRAM flap elevation have been used in a high-risk patient population. 28 In another clinical study, bilateral division of both the SIEVs and DIEVs was advised to increase TRAM flap viability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Two Different Vascular Delay Methods in a Rat Cranial Epigastric Perforator Flap Model

Seyhan¹,

Deniz²,

Borman³

et al. 2010

Annals of Plastic Surgery

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The effectiveness of vascular delay in transverse rectus abdominis muscle flaps has been demonstrated in many studies. In deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps, however, the effectiveness of ligation of deep versus superficial epigastric vessels in producing delay is unclear. Using a rat model, we compared ligation of deep and superficial vessels with each other and with a (nondelayed) control group (n = 10). One vascular delay group (n = 10) had ligation of the contralateral cranial epigastric vessels (homolog to the human deep inferior epigastric vessels); the other (n = 10) had ligation of contralateral superficial inferior epigastric vessels. One week later, cranial epigastric perforator flap elevation was performed. Both vascular techniques were effective in producing delay, and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Ligation of superficial inferior epigastric vessels, deep inferior epigastric vessels, or both, at least 1 week prior to the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap elevation may increase the usable skin paddle area in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Different Vascular Delay Methods in a Rat Cranial Epigastric Perforator Flap Model

Seyhan¹,

Deniz²,

Borman³

et al. 2010

Annals of Plastic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Initial concerns about a perceived higher rate of skin and fat necrosis when compared with DIEP were quelled by a systematic study using an animal model which has shown that there is no increased risk of necrosis associated with the DIEP flap. 6 The rat TRAM flap model has been used extensively in experimental studies investigating factors that affect flap survival, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, 7 delay procedures 8,9 and ischemic preconditioning 10 as well as the application of vasoactive agents such as nicotine 11 and vascular endothelial growth factor. [12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, these flaps have been employed in investigating possible future clinical applications of the TRAM flap including allotransplantation 17 and secretion of therapeutic proteins after gene transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable and Reproducible Murine Models for Commonly Used Abdominal Plastic Surgical Flaps

Cubitt

Pennington

Wang

et al. 2012

J reconstr Microsurg

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Animal models have been used for many years in surgical research to develop different surgical techniques, improve understanding of anatomy and physiology and hone surgical skills. The benefit of such models has been particularly important in developing relatively young specialties like plastic surgery and many plastic surgical techniques are designed and studied in animals long before they are used in humans. We describe techniques for raising several reliable and reproducible abdominal flaps in rodents, including transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps in rats and mice, superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps in rats and perforator flaps in rats. The intention of this paper is to act as a point of reference for any microvascular or plastic surgeon who is planning to perform abdominal plastic surgical flap research or further microvascular skills.

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The Relative Importance of the Deep and Superficial Vascular Systems for Delay of the Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap as Demonstrated in a Rat Model

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of Two Different Vascular Delay Methods in a Rat Cranial Epigastric Perforator Flap Model

Comparison of Two Different Vascular Delay Methods in a Rat Cranial Epigastric Perforator Flap Model

Reliable and Reproducible Murine Models for Commonly Used Abdominal Plastic Surgical Flaps

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