The relative rates of oxidation of lipovitellin and of its lipid constituent

Lea, C. H.; Hawke, J. C.

doi:10.1042/bj0500067

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Phospholipids themselves can, of course, be protected by phenolic antioxidants such as NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) , 3 4 or their oxidation can be acczlerated by pro-oxidants such as copper34. 35 or haem compounds35 or ascorbic acid.36…”

Section: Autoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

Lea

1957

J Sci Food Agric

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Section: Autoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

Lea

1957

J Sci Food Agric

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“…As yet it is not possible to talk about lipoproteins in chemical terms, but already considerable progress has been made in the separation and characterization of these complexes. Among these may be mentioned the isolation of thromboplastin from beef lung (Chargaff, Bendich & Cohen, 1944), which proves to be a very active catalyst for the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin during blood clotting; the separation of lipovitellin from egg yolk (Lea & Hawke, 1951); lipoproteins from human plasma (e.g. Oncley, Gurd & Melin, 1950) and the various proteolipids from ox brain (Folch & Lees, 1951).…”

Section: Structural Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ANIMAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS: THEIR STRUCTURE, METABOLISM and BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Dawson

1957

Biological Reviews

135

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SUMMARY Phospholipids are universally present in all mammalian tissues and in all parts of the cell, including the mitochondria, microsomes and nucleus. They appear often to be attached to the tissue proteins by some unknown type of bonding. The use of physical methods of fractionation to separate crude lipids extracted from tissues has resulted in the discovery of a number of new phospholipids apart from lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin, notably phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphoinositide. As isolated, the phosphoglycerides all have the a structure and the L configuration. Evidence is accumulating that individual animal tissues can synthesize their complete requirements of new phospholipids without resource to other organs. In all tissues, even in the adult animal, the phospholipids are continually being broken down and resynthesized at the same rate, so that under normal physiological conditions a constant concentration is maintained. The mechanism of phospholipid biosynthesis has only been ascertained up to now for the phosphoglycerides: lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine. With these compounds a phosphorylated base molecule (phosphorylcholine or phosphoryl‐ethanolamine) first reacts with cytidine triphosphate, forming an activated complex, cytidine diphosphate ‘base’. This then combines with a diglyceride molecule, forming the phosphoglyceride, and splitting off cytidine monophosphate. It is possible that the diglyceride needed by the system is formed by the dephosphoryla‐tion of phosphatidic acid, a lipid which is enzymically synthesized in tissues from α‐glycerophosphoric acid and two coenzyme A‐activated fatty acids. One route for the catabolism of lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine appears to be through the lysophosphoglycerides and glycerophosphorylated bases. The glycerophosphate finally formed can either be used for phosphoglyceride resynthesis or it can enter the glycolytic system of the tissue. Certain isotopic evidence suggests that, as well as this catabolic process, the phosphorylated base ‘units’ may turnover independently and more rapidly than the glyceride part of the phospholipid molecule. Possibly the recent and unconfirmed demonstration of a phospholipase C, which forms phosphorylcholine from lecithin, may be connected with this process. The rate at which individual phospholipids turnover in various organs has still to be ascertained. Many previous estimates are unsatisfactory because inadequate experimental results have been applied to theoretically derived formulae expressing turnover rates. For similar reasons it is often extremely difficult to interpret reported changes in the incorporation rate of isotopes into phospholipids during physiological activity. No definite metabolic role can yet be ascribed to phospholipids which would account for their rapid turnover in tissues. The evidence is against their being obligatory intermediates, either in the resynthesis of triglycerides during fat digestion or in the oxidation of neutral fat. Neither do they appear ...

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“…The gradual oxidation of yolk lipids during storage also may explain why the CYM had to be prepared immediately preceding transfer of the axenic cultures. Storage of lipids, even under sterile conditions, can lead to autoxidation (Lea and Hawke 1951, Lea 1957). Further, metals catalyze lipid oxidation (Lea and Hawke 1951, Schaich 1992), and the trace metal solution added to the CYM may have accelerated the oxidation process.…”

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confidence: 99%

AXENIC CULTIVATION OF THE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE AND OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR¹

Skelton

Burkholder

Parrow

2008

Journal of Phycology

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Pfiesteria shumwayae Glasgow et J. M. Burkh. [=Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae (Glasgow et J. M. Burkh.) Litaker, Steid., P. L. Mason, Shields et P. A. Tester] is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate commonly found in temperate, estuarine waters. P. shumwayae can feed on other protists, fish, and invertebrates, but research on the biochemical requirements of this species has been restricted by the lack of axenic cultures. An undefined, biphasic culture medium was formulated that supported the axenic growth of two of three strains of P. shumwayae. The medium contained chicken egg yolk as a major component. Successful growth depended on the method used to sterilize the medium, and maximum cell yields (10(4) · mL(-1) ) were similar to those attained in previous research when P. shumwayae was cultured with living fish or microalgae. Additionally, P. shumwayae flagellate cells ingested particles present in the biphasic medium, allowing detailed observations of feeding behavior. This research is an initial step toward a chemically defined axenic culture medium and determination of P. shumwayae metabolic requirements.

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The relative rates of oxidation of lipovitellin and of its lipid constituent

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

THE ANIMAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS: THEIR STRUCTURE, METABOLISM and BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

AXENIC CULTIVATION OF THE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE AND OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR¹

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The relative rates of oxidation of lipovitellin and of its lipid constituent

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

Deteriorative reactions involving phospholipids and lipoproteins

THE ANIMAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS: THEIR STRUCTURE, METABOLISM and BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

AXENIC CULTIVATION OF THE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE AND OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR1

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AXENIC CULTIVATION OF THE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA SHUMWAYAE AND OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR¹