The relatively large beta-tubulin gene family of Arabidopsis contains a member with an unusual transcribed 5? noncoding sequence

Marks, M. David; West, Joanne; Weeks, Donald P.

doi:10.1007/bf00016147

Cited by 85 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Antibodies raised against SDS-PAGE purified plant tubulin monomers, as well as ligand binding studies, have shown that plant tubulins have some unique biochemical properties, but share many of the characteristics of the better characterized vertebrate tubulins (10). Analysis of the sequences of,B-tubulin genomic clones isolated from soybean (15) and from Arabidopsis thaliana (20,23) have demonstrated that plant tubulins are encoded by multi-gene families, and that they exhibit a high degree of sequence homology (over 80% at the amino acid level) with the tubulins of other eukaryotes, including mammals (6,27). Although relatively little is known about the factors regulating microtubule assem- bly in higher plant cells, given the high degree of similarity between eukaryotic tubulins, it is likely that the assembly process will be similar to that observed in mammalian cells where the assembled microtubules have been shown to be in a dynamic equilibrium with a pool of soluble tubulin dimers (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Regulation of β-Tubulin Gene Expression during Internode Development in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Bustos

Guiltinan²,

Cyr³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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The relationship between tubulin gene expression and cell elongation was explored in developing internodes of Glycine max (L.) Merr., using light as a variable to alter the rate of elongation. Illumination of 10-day-old etiolated seedlings not only stopped first internode elongation, but also brought about a 80% decrease in the steady state level of ,-tubulin mRNA over the course of the subsequent 12 hours. This strong down regulation of j6-tubulin mRNA occurred without significant changes in the size of the soluble tubulin pool and it was accompanied by a marked increase in chlorophyll a/b binding protein mRNA.cases, the tubulin dimer pool is maintained through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of tubulin gene expression (1,17). Little is known about the regulation of tubulin synthesis in plants, but Cyr et al. (8) observed changes of several fold in the levels of tubulin protein and mRNA during carrot somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, Fukuda (11) reported that the rate of tubulin synthesis increased during the formation of cortical microtubules in differentiating tracheary elements. The involvement of cortical microtubules in cell elongation and the increase in tubulin levels and in microtubule assembly which has been shown to accompany cell elongation (9, 29), make elongating tissues attractive as systems for investigating the regulation oftubulin synthesis in higher plants. Here, we show that changes in ,Btubulin mRNA steady state levels and internode elongation rates vary concomitantly in light-grown and etiolated soybean seedlings. Internodes of etiolated seedlings exhibited elongation rates that were four to five fold greater than those observed in control seedlings grown under a 12 h light/dark cycle. The rapidly elongating internodes of dark-grown seedlings exhibited proportionally higher steady-state levels of jtubulin mRNA. Furthermore, subsequent illumination of the dark-grown seedlings brought about a reduction in the rate of elongation and a concomitant decrease in the steady-state level of #-tubulin mRNA.Microtubules are formed by the regulated self-assembly of the heterodimeric protein tubulin from a soluble tubulin dimer pool, and cytoplasmic microtubules are in a dynamic equilibrium with this tubulin dimer pool (18). Since microtubules can form and persist only when the tubulin dimer concentration exceeds a critical value, maintenance of the tubulin dimer pool at a level above this critical concentration is essential for microtubule formation. Where it has been examined, tubulin synthesis is regulated by a mechanism that is sensitive to changes in the amount of assembled microtubules. In cultured mammalian cells, tubulin synthesis is autoregulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism that is responsive to the size of the tubulin dimer pool (5).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Regulation of β-Tubulin Gene Expression during Internode Development in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Bustos

Guiltinan²,

Cyr³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…Northern blot analysis was carried out as previously described (Smith et al, 2001) using an RT-PCR product amplified with primers BRK1-05 and BRK1-06 as a probe to detect BRK1 mRNA. To detect ␤-tubulin RNA, a 1.2 kb BamHI/EcoRI fragment of a ␤-tubulin cDNA clone isolated by Marks et al (Marks et al, 1987) was used as a probe. Radioactive hybridization signals were digitized using a Molecular Dynamics Phosphorimager, and signals quantitated using ImageQuant version 1.2 software.…”

Section: Rna Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

BRICK1/HSPC300 functions with SCAR and the ARP2/3 complex to regulate epidermal cell shape in Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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The Arp2/3 complex, a highly conserved nucleator of F-actin polymerization,is essential for a variety of eukaryotic cellular processes, including epidermal cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Efficient nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex requires the presence of an activator such as a member of the Scar/WAVE family. In mammalian cells, a multiprotein complex consisting of WAVE, PIR121/Sra-1, Nap1, Abi-2 and HSPC300 mediates responsiveness of WAVE to upstream regulators such as Rac. Essential roles in WAVE complex assembly or function have been demonstrated for PIR121/Sra-1, Nap1 and Abi-2, but the significance of HSPC300 in this complex is unclear. Plant homologs of all mammalian WAVE complex components have been identified, including HSPC300, the mammalian homolog of maize BRICK1 (BRK1). We show that, like mutations disrupting the Arabidopsis homologs of PIR121/Sra-1, Nap1 and Scar/WAVE, mutations in the Arabidopsis BRK1gene result in trichome and pavement cell morphology defects (and associated alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton of expanding cells) similar to those caused by mutations disrupting the ARP2/3 complex itself. Analysis of double mutants provides genetic evidence that BRK1 functions in a pathway with the ARP2/3 complex. BRK1 is required for accumulation of SCAR1 protein in vivo,potentially explaining the apparently essential role of BRK1 in ARP2/3 complex function.

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“…Total DNA (20 g) digested with EcoRI (E), HindIII (H), BamHI (B), SacI (S), or XbaI (X) was subjected to gel electrophoresis followed by hybridization with a 32 P-labeled 1.5-kb cDNA fragment derived from the partial clone pBK-AtCAP16-1. (Marks et al, 1987) genes. (C) Total soluble protein (20 g) isolated from suspension-cultured cells (Cell susp.…”

Section: Isolation Of An Arabidopsis Cdna Encoding a Cap Homologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis CAP Regulates the Actin Cytoskeleton Necessary for Plant Cell Elongation and Division

et al. 2002

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The relatively large beta-tubulin gene family of Arabidopsis contains a member with an unusual transcribed 5? noncoding sequence

Cited by 85 publications

References 42 publications

Light Regulation of β-Tubulin Gene Expression during Internode Development in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Light Regulation of β-Tubulin Gene Expression during Internode Development in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

BRICK1/HSPC300 functions with SCAR and the ARP2/3 complex to regulate epidermal cell shape in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis CAP Regulates the Actin Cytoskeleton Necessary for Plant Cell Elongation and Division

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