The relevance of animal models of addiction

Deroche-Gamonet, Véronique

doi:10.1111/add.14821

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Compared to humans, model organisms have the advantages of narrowly defined phenotypic assays applied to both experimental and control groups and objective measurements. However, animal models poorly reflect the interpersonal and quality of life aspects of human SUD 30 . Human studies using case–control and quantitative phenotypes of the most predominantly used substances, alcohol and tobacco, with sufficiently large sample size have recently confirmed suspected genetic mediation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways; studies also suggest greater relevance of single nucleotide variants expressed in brain 31‐33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of evidence across human and model organism studies: A meeting report

Palmer

Johnson

Won

et al. 2021

Genes Brain and Behavior

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The National Institute on Drug Abuse and Joint Institute for Biological Sciences at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory hosted a meeting attended by a diverse group of scientists with expertise in substance use disorders (SUDs), computational biology, and FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) data sharing. The meeting's objective was to discuss and evaluate better strategies to integrate genetic, epigenetic, and 'omics data across human and model organisms to achieve deeper mechanistic insight into SUDs. Specific topics were to (a) evaluate the current state of substance use genetics and genomics research and fundamental gaps, (b) identify opportunities and challenges of integration and sharing across species and data types, (c) identify current tools and resources for integration of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic data, (d) discuss steps and impediment related to data integration, and (e) outline future steps to support more effective collaboration—particularly between animal model research communities and human genetics and clinical research teams. This review summarizes key facets of this catalytic discussion with a focus on new opportunities and gaps in resources and knowledge on SUDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of evidence across human and model organism studies: A meeting report

Palmer

Johnson

Won

et al. 2021

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…We thank the commentators for doing so, and we found common ground with each of them who highlighted issues that we discussed in our paper. Specifically, the importance of distinguishing animal models of addiction from models of drug instrumentalization , the possibilities afforded by the 0/3 crit model and its combination with alternative reinforcers, including social interaction and the important role for pre‐clinical models in delineating brain adaptations associated with chronic drug use or vulnerability to addiction .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This construct is dependent upon language and therefore impossible to model in non‐human animals. Rebuttals to this argument reiterated the features of addiction that can be modelled in animals using the 0/3 crit model or the need to apply the 0/3 crit model to vulnerable subpopulations of animals . Both counterpoints sidestep our argument that animal models may never be able to capture the essential features of addiction in humans, no matter how sophisticated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Both counterpoints sidestep our argument that animal models may never be able to capture the essential features of addiction in humans, no matter how sophisticated. Indeed, two commentators referred to the role of language in their rebuttals: by acknowledging that drug users ‘ask for support when their drug taking becomes maladaptive’ or by pointing out that humans with addiction may want different things from treatment (complete abstinence versus moderation) . Indeed, moderation of drinking is a desirable and achievable goal for many people with alcohol dependence , but clinical research depends upon patients’ ability to verbalize their treatment goal.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Deroche‐Gamonet offers the example of molecular and biological research on diabetes, which sits comfortably alongside research on social and commercial determinants of the disease, as a defence of the importance of studying basic processes in pre‐clinical research. Unfortunately, this analogy between diabetes and addiction is undermined by network models of psychiatric disorders that emphasize the redundancy of any reductionist approach that fails to consider the relations between subjective symptoms .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Field

Kersbergen

2019

Addiction

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A morphine reward generalization mouse model based on conditioned place preference and aversion

et al. 2023

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Background: Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a common behavioral paradigm for studying the association of unconditioned stimulus reward memory with context.Generalization is a flexible memory recall pattern developed on the basis of original memory. Drug-seeking behaviors in substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit diversity, which we generally attribute to the highly generalized features of SUD memory.However, to date, there are no animal models for SUD generalization studies. Methods:We design the generalization box (G-box) and the generalization retrieval process based on the conditioned place preference (CPP) model. In the memory retrieval stage, we replaced the conditioning CPP box (T-box) with a generalization box (G-box) to study drug generalization memory. For appearance, the generalized boxes have different angles and numbers of sides compared to the conditioning boxes. For the visual cues, the shapes of the symbols are different (triangle icons for the hexagonal chamber and dot icons for the round chamber), but the orientation information remains the same. To establish CPP generalization, the mice received morphine on the vertical or horizontal side of a conditioning box (T-box) and saline on the other side.Then, after CPP conditioning, the generalization test was performed in a generalization box (G-box: hexagonal chamber and Gr-box: round chamber) 21 days later.Results: CPP-conditioned mice still displayed a clear preference for similar visual information in the G-box. CPA-conditioned mice behaved similarly to CPP, with mice consistently avoiding similar visual information in the G-box. We further observed that the generalization results are similar using two generalization boxes (G-box and Gr-box). Conclusion:In this study, we succeeded in creating a simple and effective generalization model for morphine reward. The establishment of this model provides a new tool for generalization studies of SUD and therapy in humans.

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The relevance of animal models of addiction

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Integration of evidence across human and model organism studies: A meeting report

Integration of evidence across human and model organism studies: A meeting report

Response to commentaries

A morphine reward generalization mouse model based on conditioned place preference and aversion

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