The relevance of arsenic speciation analysis in health & medicine

Arsenic binding to human metallothionein-3

“…3,5 As 3+ is particularly toxic because of its ability to enter cells and bind to thiol groups of cysteine-containing proteins important in human physiology. 1,3,5–9…”

“…3,5 As 3+ is particularly toxic because of its ability to enter cells and bind to thiol groups of cysteine-containing proteins important in human physiology. 1,3,[5][6][7][8][9] Chronic and acute arsenic exposure leads to a multitude of symptoms, including abdominal pain, skin lesions, diabetes, neuropathy, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and reproductive consequences. 3,10 One of the concerns raised is its neurotoxicity, which may lead to developmental adverse outcomes, especially with children.…”

Urine Self-Sampling Kit Combined with an Automated Preparation-Sampler Device for Convenient and Reliable Analysis of Arsenic Metabolites by HPLC–ICPMS

“…1,2 It is a recognized human carcinogen, but its toxicity varies greatly depending on arsenic species. 3,4 Methylated trivalent arsenic species (MMA III and DMA III ) are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their pentavalent counterparts (MMA V and DMA V ) and approach or exceed inorganic arsenic species (iAs III and iAs V ). 5,6 Studies have shown that biomethylation is the main pathway of inorganic arsenic metabolism in the human body, and thus speciation analysis of metabolites is essential to better understand the transport and transformation of arsenic in the human body and its impact on health.…”

“…Arsenic is a global environmental contaminant that puts the health of millions of people around the world at risk due to the increased intake of inorganic arsenic from contaminated drinking water. , It is a recognized human carcinogen, but its toxicity varies greatly depending on arsenic species. , Methylated trivalent arsenic species (MMA III and DMA III ) are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their pentavalent counterparts (MMA V and DMA V ) and approach or exceed inorganic arsenic species (iAs III and iAs V ). , Studies have shown that biomethylation is the main pathway of inorganic arsenic metabolism in the human body, and thus speciation analysis of metabolites is essential to better understand the transport and transformation of arsenic in the human body and its impact on health. , Urine is often the preferred sample for drug metabolism testing because it is easy to collect and typically contains a higher concentration of drugs and metabolites than blood, which can make the test easier to perform. − In the clinical application of As 2 O 3 , urinary arsenic is an important biomarker for the evaluation of arsenic metabolism and toxicity. − However, MMA III and DMA III are significantly less stable than other arsenic species in urine, which can be rapidly oxidized to MMA V and DMA V in the presence of air . In addition, many studies on urinary arsenic species involve collecting urine samples from people in areas with high levels of arsenic in crops and drinking water and then transporting them to a laboratory for speciation analysis of arsenic. − Therefore, the development of a method that can be used for urine self-sampling (USS) at home and improve the stability of MMA III and DMA III in urine is of great significance for ensuring the accuracy of arsenic speciation analysis and studying the roles of MMA III and DMA III in disease occurrence and progression.…”

Development of methods for separation and determination of Pb, fractionation and speciation of As from waters using cellulose-based adsorbents

“…Thus, it is important to the development of new methods that can be used quickly, efficiently and at low cost for the monitoring of inorganic arsenic species since this can be a routine analysis in many water and food quality control laboratories. So far, most of the methods reported for this analysis are chromatographic methods (B' Hymer and Caruso, 2004;Reid et al, 2020;Virk et al, 2023), which are very precise. However, because the consume of substantial amounts of reagents and time, it is not well recommended for many samples analysis.…”