The relevance of host overcrowding in wildlife epidemiology: A new spatially explicit aggregation index

Laguna, Eduardo; Barasona, José A.; Triguero-Ocaña, Roxana; Mulero‐Pázmány, Margarita; Negro, Juan J.; Vicente, Joaquı́n; Acevedo, Pelayo

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.039

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The sparse structure observed is likely related with established communities of host (Figure 3), that are spatially structured around key resources. The distribution of essential resources describes the individuals' distribution, abundance and aggregation of ungulates in DNP [31,37]. This is also supported from an epidemiological point of view, by the spatial pattern observed for the molecular types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex evidenced in DNP [28], which was observed to be relatively species-independent.…”

Section: Social Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 56%

“…This suggests that in a few weeks an infected animal could introduce a pathogen to all species, particularly in summer and autumn. Previous studies also described the relevance of these seasons in explaining interspecific potential overlap, abundance and aggregation patterns in DNP [10,11,31,37].…”

Section: Social Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild reservoirs have been widely recognized as responsible for pathogen transmission and maintenance in this complex epidemiological scenario [29] and therefore, the correct management of diseases implies the comprehension of the process of transmission among species. Previous studies quantified the interaction among wild and domestic ungulates, showing a high overlap in home ranges and habitat selection, mainly in autumn [10,30], with the high relevance of water points for individual aggregation and subsequent frequency of interactions [11,30,31]. Characterising the network of interactions in such multi-host-environment system using dynamic SNA can contribute to obtaining a more realistic and precise context within which to study pathogen spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Network of Interactions in the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Mediterranean Spain: An Epidemiological Point of View

et al. 2020

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The correct management of diseases that are transmitted between wildlife and livestock requires a reliable estimate of the pathogen transmission rate. The calculation of this parameter is a challenge for epidemiologists, since transmission can occur through multiple pathways. The social network analysis is a widely used tool in epidemiology due to its capacity to identify individuals and communities with relevant roles for pathogen transmission. In the present work, we studied the dynamic network of interactions in a complex epidemiological scenario using information from different methodologies. In 2015, nine red deer, seven fallow deer, six wild boar and nine cattle were simultaneously monitored using GPS-GSM-Proximity collars in Doñana National Park. In addition, 16 proximity loggers were set in aggregation points. Using the social network analysis, we studied the dynamic network of interactions, including direct and indirect interactions, between individuals of different species and the potential transmission of pathogens within this network. The results show a high connection between species through indirect interactions, with a marked seasonality in the conformation of new interactions. Within the network, we differentiated four communities that included individuals of all the species. Regarding the transmission of pathogens, we observed the important role that fallow deer could be playing in the maintenance and transmission of pathogens to livestock. The present work shows the need to consider different types of methodologies in order to understand the complete functioning of the network of interactions at the wildlife/livestock interface. It also provides a methodological approach applicable to the management of shared diseases.

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Section: Social Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Social Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Network of Interactions in the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Mediterranean Spain: An Epidemiological Point of View

et al. 2020

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“…Cattle (Bos taurus) are gregarious and exhibit a complex social structure, including the establishment of (Sowell et al 1999) linear and/or triadic social hierarchies at herd and sub-herd levels (Schein and Forhman 1955). This structure plays a role in disease transmission (Laguna et al 2018;Marquetoux et al 2016;Bohm et al 2009) and influences the efficacy of management practices such as animal grouping (Grant and Albright 2001;Phillips and Rind 2002), herding, selective culling, and supplemental feeding (Sowell et al 1999). The social environment of cattle plays a significant role in animal welfare, productivity and behavioural and cognitive development (reviewed by Costa et al 2016); for example, in calves, early social contact reduces post-weening stress (Bolt et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and photogrammetric image analysis to quantify spatial proximity in beef cattle

Mufford

Hill

Flood

et al. 2019

J. Unmanned Veh. Sys.

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Spatial proximity is an important metric in cattle behaviour, which is used to study social structure, dyadic relationships, as well as grazing and maternal behaviours. We developed an efficient, novel, non-invasive method to quantify the spatial proximity of beef cattle by using UAV-based image acquisition and photogrammetric analysis. Orthomosaics constructed by images obtained from UAVs were used to measure, with an accuracy of ±1.96 m (95% likelihood), the inter-individual distances between cows and calves. Aerial videos of the calves and their dams, held in a 5 ha pasture, were made over four days using UAVs. We used two UAVs to video-capture the following: (i) the location of all individuals (UAV flown at 100 m) and (ii) the identity of cow–calf pairs (UAV flown at 15–30 m). Still-images extracted from the UAV-acquired video screenshots were used to produce orthomosaics. The orthomosaics captured all the cows and calves in a single image, from which we measured the distance between related and non-related cow–calf pairs. This UAV-based orthomosaic method clearly showed that members of related pairs were closer than non-related ones, and that the distance was greater in the evening, demonstrating the utility of UAVs to accurately measure cattle spatial proximity.

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“…While UAS are being used successfully to collect a variety of wildlife data, the vast majority of projects have involved small, relatively inexpensive UAS that collect information relatively close to where the aircraft is launched (Barasona et al 2014;Mulero-Pázmány et al 2015;Christie et al 2016;Johnston et al 2017;Laguna et al 2018). Despite great interest in the potential to use UAS for long-range surveys of marine mammals, studies involving long-range flights have been limited due to cost and the challenge of gaining permission to conduct beyond visual line-of-sight flights with UAS, particularly in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing manned to unmanned aerial surveys for cetacean monitoring in the Arctic: methods and operational results

Angliss

Ferguson

Hall

et al. 2018

J. Unmanned Veh. Sys.

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Manned aerial surveys are routinely used to assess cetacean distribution and density, often over large geographic areas. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have been identified as a technology that could augment or replace manned aerial surveys for cetaceans. To understand what research questions involving cetacean distribution and density can be addressed using manned and UAS technology in the Arctic, we conducted paired aerial surveys for cetaceans near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska. We present the methods and operational results from the project, and challenges encountered during the field work. Fall arctic weather varied dramatically over small spatiotemporal scales and harsh environmental conditions increased the maintenance required for repeated UAS operations. Various technologies, such as temperature and humidity sensors, a software system that provided near-term forecasts of highly variable weather, and a surface-based air traffic radar feed, directly contributed to the ability to conduct routine, successful, beyond line-of-sight UAS flights under these situations. We provide recommendations for future projects to help streamline project planning and enhance researchers' ability to use UAS to collect data needed for ecological research.Résumé : Les levés réalisés au moyen d'aéronefs pilotés sont couramment utilisés pour évaluer la répartition et la densité de cétacés, souvent sur de grandes régions géographiques. Les systèmes d'aéronef sans pilote (UAS) ont été signalés comme étant une technologie qui pourrait compléter ou remplacer les levés aériens avec pilote sur les cétacés. Dans le but de comprendre quelles questions de recherche liées à la répartition et à la densité de cétacés peuvent être étudiées utilisant la technologie avec et sans pilote dans l'Arctique, nous avons réalisé des levés aériens combinés sur les cétacés près d'Utqiagvik (Barrow), en Alaska. Nous présentons les méthodes et les résultats opérationnels du projet et les défis qui se sont présentés lors du travail sur le terrain. Les conditions météorologiques automnales en Arctique variaient radicalement, et ce,

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The relevance of host overcrowding in wildlife epidemiology: A new spatially explicit aggregation index

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Dynamic Network of Interactions in the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Mediterranean Spain: An Epidemiological Point of View

Dynamic Network of Interactions in the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Mediterranean Spain: An Epidemiological Point of View

Use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and photogrammetric image analysis to quantify spatial proximity in beef cattle

Comparing manned to unmanned aerial surveys for cetacean monitoring in the Arctic: methods and operational results

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