The relevance of moral treatment to contemporary mental health care

Borthwick, Annie; Holman, Chris; Kennard, David; McFetridge, Mark; Messruther, Karen; Wilkes, Jenny

doi:10.1080/09638230124277

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…13–15). Their democratic egalitarian philosophy earned them the hatred of both rich and poor alike (Borthwick et al , 2001, pp. 429–30).…”

Section: Silence In Groups: the Quakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the antecedents of enabling communities

Harrison

2023

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Purpose Adopting a sense of critical enquiry when examining historical sources, it is possible to gain a richer and broader sense of present practice. The aim of this study is to emphasise the importance of historical research to present practice in teasing out the different elements at work and how they developed. A core assumption is that our consciousness depends on our interactions with others. Design/methodology/approach This study is part of ongoing research into the historical background of the practice of discerning compassion. The methods used include archival research and the reading of primary and secondary literature. Findings In particular, it becomes clear that this way of working is always going to be problematic for political authorities as it promotes the questioning of accepted beliefs. This study emphasises that the core concepts underlying enabling community practice reach deep into the past and involve events not usually associated with the traditional histories of the approach. In particular, exploring outside of the traditional mental hospital background reveals a greater involvement of women than previously demonstrated. There are processes that have deep historical roots, the culture of enquiry, the benefits of mutual support and the understanding that people flourish better interacting with each other in a supportive and trusting environment rather than through coercion and instruction. Research limitations/implications As with all historical research, this paper is limited by the resources available to examine particular events. Practical implications Recognition of the importance of historical enquiry as relevant to present-day practice. Social implications Historical enquiry helps to acknowledge the importance of social events in shaping our present understanding. As W.H. Rivers argues, we have to understand what happened in the past before comprehending why present sociological events occur. Originality/value This paper is a unique enquiry into the early historical antecedents of enabling community practice. It is intended to stimulate more research into the field and to stimulate debate about the relevance of particular aspects of practice. It refers to sources that are not usually part of such discussions and, by implication, suggests that there is more to be explored. It is not an exhaustive account and is to be supplemented by another paper on leadership.

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“…13–15). Their democratic egalitarian philosophy earned them the hatred of both rich and poor alike (Borthwick et al , 2001, pp. 429–30).…”

Section: Silence In Groups: the Quakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the antecedents of enabling communities

Harrison

2023

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“…Previous literature (Borthwick et al, 2001;Kennard, 1998;Whiteley, 2004) has described the history and evolution of the first generation of TCs, beginning with Tuke's 'moral therapy' at the York Retreat in 1796. This involved the minimum use of restraint, early forms of behaviour therapy (including activity scheduling) and a humane and caring environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic psychology was a form of benevolent paternalism guided by Quaker beliefs for those who had 'lost their reason' (Borthwick et al, 2001). 'Compassion and kindness' was the basis of this movement (Ballatt & Campling, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Therapeutic Community: Development of a Compassion‐Focussed and Contextual Behavioural Environment

Veale

Gilbert

Wheatley

2014

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Social relationships and communities provide the context and impetus for a range of psychological developments, from genetic expression to the development of core self-identities. This suggests a need to think about the therapeutic changes and processes that occur within a community context and how communities can enable therapeutic change. However, the 'therapeutic communities' that have developed since the Second World War have been under-researched. We suggest that the concept of community, as a change process, should be revisited within mainstream scientific research. This paper briefly reviews the historical development of therapeutic communities and critically evaluates their current theory, practice and outcomes in a systematic review. Attention is drawn to recent research on the nature of evolved emotion regulation systems, the way these are entrained by social relationships, the importance of affiliative emotions in the regulation of threat and the role of fear of affiliative emotions in psychopathology. We draw on concepts from compassion-focussed therapy, social learning theory and functional analytical psychotherapy to consider how members of a therapeutic community can be aware of each other's acts of courage and respond using compassion. Living in structured and affiliative-orientated communities that are guided by scientific models of affect and self-regulation offers potential therapeutic advantages over individual outpatient therapy for certain client groups. This conclusion should be investigated further. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message:• Current therapeutic community practice is not sufficiently evidence based and may not be maximizing the potential therapeutic value of a community.• Compassion-focussed therapy and social learning theory offer new approaches for a therapeutic environment, involving an understanding of the role, nature and complexities of compassionate and affiliative relationships from staff and members, behavioural change guided by learning theory, a clear formulation based on threat-derived safety strategies, goal setting and positive reinforcement.

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Adults with Serious Mental Illnesses Who Are Arrested and Incarcerated

Osher

Thompson

2019

The Palgrave Handbook of American Mental Health Policy

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The relevance of moral treatment to contemporary mental health care

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A critical review of the antecedents of enabling communities

A critical review of the antecedents of enabling communities

A New Therapeutic Community: Development of a Compassion‐Focussed and Contextual Behavioural Environment

Adults with Serious Mental Illnesses Who Are Arrested and Incarcerated

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