The Relevant Relationship Between Umbilical Cord Blood Gas and Acid Base Analysis and Dynamic Thiol (Sh)/Disulphide (S-S) Balance in Neonatal Babies with Different Perinatal Risks and Newborn Diseases

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress is a pathogenic stress factor in preterm infants. Dynamic thiol/disulphide balance has a critical role in antioxidant defense, detoxification, apoptosis, transcription and cellular signal transport mechanisms. Oxidant/antioxidant balance state is a process beginning before birth and premature infants are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis by umbilical blood gas analysis, compare term and preterm infants, evaluate its relation with Apgar score, perinatal risks with mother and occurrence of NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis), sepsis and ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity). Methods: A total of 108 (51 female and 57 male) newborn infants were included in this prospective cohort study. Of them, 31 were term and 77 were preterm. Demographic variables, Apgar score, NEC, sepsis and ROP intervention data were collected. Disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, index 1 (disulphide/native thiol × 100), index 2 (disulphide/total thiol × 100) and index 3 (native thiol/total thiol × 100) were calculated. Serum total ischemic modified albumin (IMA) and albumin were measured. Bloodgas analysis was performed within 2 minutes following birth. Results: Preterm infants had lower disulphide levels and index 1 and 2 ratios, but higher index 3 ratios. Acidotic infants, index 1 and 2 and disulphide levels were higher and index 3 was lower than patients with normal pH. Disulphide, index 1 and 2 were lower in patients taken to NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) compared to ones who were not, whereas index 3 values were higher, twenty one patients (19.4%) with scores < 7 had higher index 3 values at 5th minute. Disulphide levels, index 1 and 2 levels were lower in patients with NEC and index 3 levels were higher. Index 3 ratios were higher in septic infants. Index 3 was higher in patients born from preeclamptic mothers compared to ones without preeclampsia. Albumin levels were higher in patients with maternal placental anomalies. Conclusions: We believe that evaluation of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in preterm and term infants may be demonstrative for oxidant capacity of the newborn, hence the oxidative stress.

A retrospective series of homologous intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle results of 99 women with mosaic Turner syndrome

“…(A)ctivity and muscle tone (P)ulse (heart rate) (G)rimace response (medically known as "reflex irritability") (A)ppearance (skin coloration) (R)espiration (breathing rate and effort) (APGAR) scores and cord blood acid/base analyzes of newborn babies of TS patients were found to be similar to healthy newborns [15,16]. In 2 out of 18 babies born healthy, karyotype analysis was performed due to suspicious phenotype appearance and results were reported normally.…”

Biomarkers of necrotizing enterocolitis through the prism of etiopathogenesis

“…Further disruption of the balance of antioxidant/oxidant systems will lead to oxidative damage to the intestinal cells and an increased probability of the development of NEC [4]. This was shown by Perrone S. et al and Gurel S. et al on samples of umbilical cord blood, in which markers of oxidative damage of molecules and non-enzymatic antioxidants prevailed in children who subsequently developed NEC [23,27].…”

The link between cord blood IL-1β, TLR4, PGE2 and TAC values with neonatal diseases

“…Antioxidant defense successfully prevents the negative effects of ROS under typical physiological conditions [8]. However, immature organ systems, predisposition to infection and inflammation, extra oxygen requirements and high free iron levels make premature infants susceptible to ROS [9].…”